Rigid-body mechanisms (RBMs) and compliant (CMs) are traditionally treated in significantly different ways. In this paper, we present a synthesis approach that is appropriate for both RBMs CMs. approach, CMs generalized into modularized consist of five basic modules, including links (CLs), rigid (RLs), pin joints (PJs), (CJs), (RJs). The link modules joint modeled through beam elements hinge elements, respectively, geometrically nonlinear finite-element solver, subsequently beam-hinge ground...

This paper proposes a topology optimization framework to design compliant mechanisms with mixed mesh of both beams and flexure hinges for the domain. Further, new type finite element, i.e., super hinge was developed model hinges. Then, an investigation into effects location size in lever explains why point-flexure problem often occurs resulting via optimization. Two examples were presented verify proposed technique. The link widths radii also investigated. results demonstrated that meshing...

Abstract. General problems associated with the design of compliant mechanisms through topology optimization technique are defined in this paper due to lack comprehensive definitions for these literature. Standard rigid body mechanisms, i.e. function generation, path generation and motion extended mechanisms. Functional requirements 25 formulations literature comprehensively reviewed along their limitations. Based on whether output is controlled quantitatively or not, categorized into two...

In tissue engineering, the cell and scaffold approach has shown promise as a treatment to regenerate diseased and/or damaged tissue. this treatment, an artificial construct (scaffold) is seeded with cells, which organize proliferate into new The itself biodegrades time, leaving behind only newly formed degradation qualities of are critical during period, since change in mechanical properties time can influence behavior. To observe scaffold's properties, straightforward method deform then...

Abstract Industrialization influenced several facets of lifestyle, including softer nutrient‐poor diets that contributed to vitamin D deficiency in post‐industrzialized populations, with concomitantly increased dental problems. Here we simulated a post‐industrialized diet mouse model test the effects texture and level on mandible third molar (M3) forms. Mice were raised soft (VitD) or without it (NoD), hard D. We hypothesized VitD/hard is optimal for normal tooth root form, as well timely M3...

When a water-soluble granular fertilizer, such as potash is wetted and then dried, clumps or cakes often form in the material. A centrifugal loading method has been developed to determine cake strength ring of fertilizer. This determines area-average tensile stress at speed centrifuge when specimen fractures. The was measured for series tests which initial moisture content drying time each sample varied. results show that increases linearly with greater content. It also found slower process...

Technical Briefs Pretension Critically Affects the Incremental Strain Field on Pressure-Loaded Cell Substrate Membranes G. W. Brodland, Brodland Department of Civil Engineering, University Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. T. Dolovich, Dolovich Mechanical Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W0, J. E. Davies Center Biomaterials, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Author and Article Information J Biomech Eng. Aug 1992, 114(3): 418-420...

Allan T. Dolovich, MEMBER SPIE University of Saskatchewan Department Mechanical Engineering Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A9 Canada E-mail: Allan–Dolovich@engr.usask.ca Abstract. We present a new laser method that exploits curved-ray effects and provides practical to investigate the stress profile in tempered glass. A feature technique is probing beam curves sufficiently it exits on same side as enters; does not reflect off or exit from opposite side. The governing equations are formulated...

In engineering education, the topic of torsion is taught in both calculus and mechanics materials, but using different definitions. Apparently, a clear connection between these two concepts not currently found literature. this paper, for case homogeneous linear-elastic cylindrical shaft subjected to external torques, mathematical expressions are derived relating torsional stress, strain angle twist curve as calculus. A physical also presented, that resulting from deformation longitudinal...

Abstract Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), in combination with mechanical testing, offers potential to investigate how loading (e.g., from daily physical exercise) is related joint and tissue function. However, current testing devices compatible (MRI) are often limited uniaxial compression, applying low loads, or individual tissues (instead of multiple), while more complex simulators do not facilitate MRI. Hence, this work, we designed, built tested (N = 1) an MRI-compatible...

The vector epsilon algorithm (VEA) is a non-linear sequence-to-sequence transformation which has been in use for over 35 years to determine the limits (antilimits) of convergent (divergent) sequences. Recently, it used variety engineering applications accelerate iterative solution processes, including finite element techniques. VEA shown give limiting value many However, an expression describing kernel VEA, set all sequences {vn} extrapolates successfully sequence's limit (antilimit) v,...

Proximal femoral fractures are a serious life-threatening injury with high morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has potential to non-invasively assess proximal bone strength in vivo through usage of finite element (FE) modelling (a technique referred as MR-FE). To precisely strength, knowledge measurement error associated different MR-FE outcomes is needed. The objective this study was characterize the short-term precision errors (e.g., stress, strain, failure loads)...

Abstract Small-scale (< 100 W), low-pressure (4 MPa), low-cost hydraulic components, such as pumps and cylinders, have recently become more available. These components potential uses in demanding applications a pump-controlled electrohydrostatic actuators (EHA)s. This is limited by the fact that unbalanced flows of single-rod cylinder require valve to reconcile imbalance, which commercially unavailable this size price range. We hypothesized it would be feasible produce component using...

This Technical Note points out two errors made in the printing of original submission.

Iterative schemes for tomographically reconstructing refractive-index fields are examined to establish sufficient conditions convergence. The mappings which these algorithms represent shown be of a form n = f(n) amenable analysis by the contraction mapping theorem, and criterion is thereby provided identifying convergent behavior determining number iterations required produce an approximate solution within prescribed neighborhood limiting or fixed point n* As example, this approach applied...

The subject of dynamics is fundamental to engineering programs in general, and can be challenging teach. In particular, the topic Coriolis acceleration “Coriolis effect” may present greatest challenge all. Although mathematical formulations physical explanations are available many textbooks technical articles, undergraduate students still have trouble making meaningful long-lasting connections between expressions manifestations phenomenon. our opinion, a significant part problem attributed...

Sequence-to-sequence transformations are examined as a means to accelerate the convergence of iterative finite-element methods; in particular, Shanks transform, scalar epsilon algorithm (SEA), and vector (VEA) applied dynamic relaxation (DR) solutions. One features these algorithms is that they operate directly on solution iterates and, therefore, do not require modification code itself. The accelerators linear spring system cantilever elastica. Nonlinear sequence-to-sequence found by factor...

Technical Briefs An Approximate Solution of the Axisymmetric von Karman Equations for a Point-Loaded Circular Plate A. T. Dolovich, Dolovich Department Civil Engineering, University Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Search other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. W. Brodland, Brodland B. Thornton-Trump Mechanical Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2 Author and Article Information J. Appl. Mech. Mar 1988, 55(1): 241-243 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3173641 Published...