The aim of the present study was to verify anti-inflammatory activity Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts and identify active compound(s) contributing its using a developed HPLC method. Active chloroform extract O. fractionated into three fractions dry flash column chromatography These were investigated for anti-peritoneal capillary permeability, in vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity, (NO) inhibition carrageenan-induced hind paw edema flavonoid rich fraction (CF2) [containing sinensetin...

Cardiovascular complications are consistently observed in diabetic patients across all age groups. The objective of the present study was to investigate effect aqueous extract fruit pulp Hylocereus undatus (DFE) on aortic stiffness and oxidative stress streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. Twenty-four male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: I (control), II (diabetic), III (DFE, 250 mg/kg) IV (DFE 500 mg/kg). Diabetes induced groups II, by intraperitoneal (i.p.)...

The effects of chronic kidney disease on baroreflex control renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and deficits in afferent central components the were studied juvenile adult male Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rats under anesthesia (n=35). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), aortic depressor (ADNA), RSNA determined after pharmacological manipulation BP. Responses to ADN stimulation (4.0 V, 2.0 ms, 1-24 Hz) determined, arch was collected for histomorphometry. In LPK versus age-matched...

Neurostimulation is an emerging treatment for conditions like hypertension. The renal nerves, comprising sensory afferent and sympathetic efferent fibers, are crucial blood pressure (BP) regulation. inhibitory reno-renal reflex, where central integration of input reduces outflow systemic BP, presents a promising target neurostimulation interventions. We therefore investigated nerve stimulation (RNS) as potential hypertension therapy. Anesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing medical education; however, its limitations remain underexplored. This study evaluated the accuracy of three generative AI tools-ChatGPT-4, Copilot, and Google Gemini-in answering multiple-choice questions (MCQ) short-answer (SAQ) related to cardiovascular pharmacology, a key subject in healthcare education. Using free versions each tool, we administered 45 MCQs 30 SAQs across difficulty levels: easy, intermediate, advanced. AI-generated...

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., which is used as a gastroprotective herbal remedy in Malaysia, was assessed for its anti-ulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced ulcers rats. Fifty percent methanol to extract the oven-dried O. leaves. The then lyophilized with rotary evaporator and freeze-dried. Oral administration of methanolic (OSME) (125, 250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) found significantly decrease ulcer index (P < .01, P .001, respectively). Histological study section rat stomach also showed...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with sympathetic hyperactivity and impaired blood pressure control reflex responses, yet direct evidence demonstrating these features of autonomic dysfunction in conscious animals still lacking. Here we measured renal nerve activity (RSNA) mean arterial (MAP) using telemetry-based recordings a rat model CKD, the Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rat, assessed responses to chemoreflex activation acute stress. Male LPK (total n=16) were instrumented for...

Elephantopus tomentosus is widely used in Asia, especially Malaysia, for the treatment of pain and inflammation. In present study, analgesic anti-inflammatory effects a 95% ethanol extract E. were investigated different experimental models. anti-inflammation 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageenan-induced hind paw edema (p < 0.05) inhibited abdominal permeability compared with control 0.01). The activity was assayed several models mice: (1) hot plate, (2) tail flick, (3) writhing test;...

Introduction: As a topical delivery system, nanoscaled emulsion is considered good carrier of several active ingredients that convey side effects upon oral administration, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Objective: We investigated the in vitro permeation properties and vivo pharmacodynamic activities different emulsions containing ibuprofen, an NSAID, ingredient newly synthesized palm olein esters (POEs) oil phase. Methodology: A ratio 25:37:38 phase:aqueous...

Why baroreflex dysfunction occurs in females with chronic kidney disease is unknown. We therefore aimed to examine whether temporal changes control of heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) occur female Lewis polycystic (LPK) rats this associated any afferent, central or efferent processing the reflex pathway.Using urethane-anaesthetized juvenile adult LPK (n = 40), baroreflex-mediated HR, RSNA aortic depressor (ADNA) were examined. Reflex vagal stimulation also...

This study investigated the effects of hypertension on regional aortic biomechanical and structural properties in three rat models vascular calcification: hypertensive Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK; n = 13) model chronic disease, spontaneously rats (SHRs; 12), calcification normotensive induced by vitamin D3 nicotine (VDN; 8). Wistar-Kyoto were controls. Thoracic abdominal stiffness parameters assessed tensile testing. In where differences compared with controls existed both thoracic...

Abstract Carotid baroreceptor stimulation has been clinically explored for antihypertensive benefits, but neuromodulation of aortic afferents remains unexplored potential translation into the clinic. Published studies have used supramaximal stimulations, which are unphysiological and energy inefficient. The objective present study was to identify optimal low-charge nerve parameters that would provide a clinically-relevant (20–30 mmHg) decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) anesthetized...

We investigated the vascular responses and blood pressure reducing effects of different fractions obtained from methanol extract Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb. (F. Loranthaceae). By means solvent-solvent extraction, L. (LFME) was successively fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate n-butanol. The ability these LFME to relax smooth muscle against phenylephrine (PE)- KCl-induced contractions in isolated rat aortic rings determined. In another set experiments, were tested for lowering activity...

Abstract Aim We assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in deterioration hemodynamic and excretory functions rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) were induced diabetes mellitus (DM) using STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The acute studies conducted on denervated anesthetized 7 days after administration. Two sets experiments performed: clearance which six 20‐min urine plasma collections carried out to measure function...

The blood pressure (BP) regulatory impact of the arterial baroreflex has been well established in health and disease. Under normotensive conditions, we have previously demonstrated functional differences central processing left versus right aortic baroreceptor afferent input. However, it is unknown if lateralization function remains evident during hypertension.We therefore, investigated effects laterality on expression baroreflex-driven cardiovascular reflexes a genetic model essential...

Summary 1 This study was undertaken to characterize the renal responses acute unilateral denervation in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by examining effect of on hemodynamic a set vasoactive agents and nerve stimulation. 2 Twenty‐four male SHR underwent confirmed significant drop ( P &lt; 0.05) vasoconstrictor response stimulation along with marked diuresis natriuresis following denervation. After 7 days treatment losartan, overnight fasted were (sodium pentobarbitone, 60...