A5045445175- Cassava research and cyanide
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Potato Plant Research
- Phytase and its Applications
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Animal and Plant Science Education
National Agricultural Research Institute
2012-2024
National Agricultural Research Organisation
2019-2024
University of the Free State
2016
Makerere University
2012
International Livestock Research Institute
2012
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple food crop in Africa and South America; however, ubiquitous deleterious mutations may severely decrease its fitness. To evaluate these mutations, we constructed a cassava haplotype map through deep sequencing 241 diverse accessions identified >28 million segregating variants. We found that (i) although domestication has modified starch ketone metabolism pathways to allow for human consumption, the concomitant bottleneck clonal...
Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop in the tropics. Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented at three breeding institutions Africa to reduce cycle times. Initial studies provided promising estimates of predictive abilities. Here, we expand on previous analyses by assessing accuracy seven prediction models for traits scenarios: cross‐validation within populations, cross‐population and cross‐generation prediction. We also evaluated impact increasing...
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production is currently under threat from cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), a that among the seven most serious obstacles to world's food security. Three issues are of significance for CBSD. Firstly, virus associated with CBSD, has co-evolved outside its center origin at least 90 years. Secondly, last 74 years, CBSD was only limited low lands. Thirdly, research largely focused on epidemiology and diversity. Accordingly, this paper focuses genetics and/or...
Abstract Modern breeding methods integrate next-generation sequencing and phenomics to identify plants with the best characteristics greatest genetic merit for use as parents in subsequent cycles ultimately create improved cultivars able sustain high adoption rates by farmers. This data-driven approach hinges on strong foundations data management, quality control, analytics. Of crucial importance is a central database (1) track materials, (2) store experimental evaluations, (3) record...
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) Grant OPPGD1493. University of Arizona. CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers, Bananas. Next Generation Cassava Breeding grant OPP1048542 from BMGF the United Kingdom Department for International Development. OPPGD1016 to IITA. National Institutes Health S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668 S10RR027303.
Abstract Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) suppresses cassava yields across the tropics. The dominant CMD2 locus confers resistance to geminiviruses. It has been reported that CMD2-type landraces lose after regeneration through de novo morphogenesis. As full genome bisulfite sequencing failed uncover an epigenetic mechanism for this loss of resistance, whole and genetic variant analysis was performed fine-mapped a 190 kilobase interval. Collectively, these data indicate is caused by...
Sorghum is an important source of food and feed worldwide. Developing sorghum core germplasm collections improves our understanding the evolution exploitation genetic diversity in breeding programs. Despite its significance, characterization local pools identification genomic loci underlying variation critical agronomic traits remains limited most African countries, including Uganda. In this study, we evaluated a collection 543 accessions actively used Ugandan program across two cropping...
Global efforts are being made towards developing provitamin A cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) varieties for sustainably addressing vitamin malnutrition commonly noted in communities where is a major staple. To elucidate the diversity Uganda’s core collection of yellow root germplasm, genetic variability was assessed 64 and white accessions including Ugandan landraces, introduced from International Center Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Institute (IITA). Phenotypic characterization based on 12...
Efforts are underway to develop staple crops with improved levels of provitamin A carotenoids help combat dietary vitamin deficiency (VAD), which has afflicted the health resource-poor people in developing world. As a crop for more than 500 million sub-Saharan Africa, cassava enriched could have widespread nutritional impact. To this effect, 13 clones were evaluated randomized complete block design six environments assess genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effects total carotenoid...
Abstract Cassava production in the central, southern and eastern parts of Africa is under threat by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV). Yield losses up to 100% occur cases severe infections edible roots. Easy illegal movement planting materials across African countries, long-range vector (Bemisia tabaci) may facilitate spread CBSV West Africa. Thus, effort pre-emptively breed for CBSD resistance W. critical. Genomic selection (GS) has become main approach breeding, as costs genotyping per...
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is currently the most devastating cassava in eastern, central and southern Africa affecting a staple crop for over 700 million people on continent. A major outbreak of CBSD 2004 near Kampala rapidly spread across Uganda. In following years, similar outbreaks were noted countries eastern Africa, now poses threat to West including Nigeria - biggest producer world. comprehensive dataset with 7,627 locations, annually consistently sampled between 2017 was...
Global efforts are underway to biofortify cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with provitamin A carotenoids help combat dietary vitamin deficiency afflicting the health of more than 500 million resource-poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa. To further biofortification initiative Uganda, a 6×6 diallel analysis was conducted estimate combining ability six clones and gene actions controlling total carotenoid content (TCC), dry matter (DMC) roots other relevant traits. Fifteen F1 families generated...
Provitamin A cassava clones were analysed for starch yield and critical quality attributes, to understand possible applications in the food industry. Total carotenoids content test ranged from 0.03-11.94 μg g-1 of fresh root. Starch 8.4-33.2 % correlated negatively (r = -0.588, P < 0.001) with content. Amylose (16.4–22.1%) didn't differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among clones. Meanwhile, total carotenoid had significant negative correlations pasting temperature, peak time, setback viscosities...
Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of dietary carbohydrates for >700 million people globally. However, its long breeding cycle has slowed the rate genetic gain target traits. This study aimed to asses variation, level inbreeding, and trait correlations in genomic selection cycles. We used phenotypic genotypic data from National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) foundation population (Cycle 0, C 0 ) progeny 1, 1 derived crosses 100 selected clones as...
Achieving food security for an ever-increasing human population requires faster development of improved varieties. To this end, assessment genetic gain key traits is important to inform breeding processes. Despite the improvements made increase production and productivity cassava in Uganda at research level, there has been limited effort quantify associated gains. Accordingly, a study was conducted assess whether or not improvement evident selected using varieties that were released from...
Assessing the genetic diversity of yam germplasm from different geographical origins for cultivation and breeding purposes is an essential step crop resource conservation improvement, especially where faces minimal attention. This study aimed to classify population structure, assess extent in 207 Dioscorea rotundata genotypes sourced three origins. A total 4,957 (16.2%) single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used diversity. The SNP informative, with polymorphic information content...
Breeding for low hydrogen cyanide (HCN) varieties is a major objective of programmes targeting boiled cassava food product. To enhance breeding HCN, knowledge on genetic variation and trait heritability essential. In this study, 64 clones established across four locations evaluated HCN using three assessment methods; 1 to 9 scale, 0 ppm 800 scale quantitative assay based spectrophotometer readings (HCN_Spec). Data were also collected the weather variables precipitation, relative humidity,...
Flowering in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is crucial for the generation of botanical seed breeding. However, genotypes preferred by most farmers are erect and poor at flowering or never flower. To elucidate genetic basis flowering, 293 diverse accessions were evaluated flowering-associated traits two locations seasons Uganda. Genotyping using Diversity Array Technology Pty Ltd. (DArTseq) platform identified 24,040 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed on 18 chromosomes....
Global efforts are underway to develop staple crops with improved levels of provitamin A carotenoids help combat dietary vitamin deficiency, which has afflicted the health resource-poor farmers in developing world. As a crop for more than 500 million people sub-Saharan Africa, cassava enriched could have widespread nutritional impact. Because is second most important food Uganda, breeding programme was initiated varieties, some clones already tested advanced yield selection trials. survey...
Abstract Global efforts are underway to develop cassava with enhanced levels of provitamin A carotenoids sustainably meet increasing demands for food and nutrition where the crop is a major staple. Herein, we tested effectiveness genomic selection (GS) rapid improvement total content associated traits. We evaluated 632 clones from Uganda’s breeding pipeline 648 West African introductions. At harvest, each clone was assessed level carotenoids, dry matter content, resistance brown streak...
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) caused by the rapidly evolving cassava viruses (CBSVs), causes immense yield losses to value chain in eastern and southern Africa. Western Africa, another region that heavily depends on is under eminent threat from CBSD. Resistance breeding best practical solution. However, complexities associated with CBSD resistance screening i.e., variable root sampling units, limit systematic attainment of genetic progress. Accordingly, we compared efficiency five...
Understanding pollen and ovule fertility as factors influencing fruit seed set is important in cassava breeding. Red light (RL) plant growth regulators (PGRs) have been used to induce or enhance flowering without any reference effects on viability fertilizability. This study investigated of field-applied RL PGR Panels genotypes, with early moderate responses were used. was administered from dusk dawn. Two PGRs, a cytokinin (6-benzyl adenine, BA) an anti‑ethylene (silver thiosulphate, STS)...
Introduction Yam is an important crop for food security in East and West Africa due to its high market value customer demand. High tuber quality with yield disease resistance are the main traits acceptability of yam cultivars across tropical zone. There has been limited progress enhancing production yams, despite significant socio-economic significance this crop. Method To expedite development high-quality Uganda, association study was conducted identify genomic regions associated key such...