A series of hypotheses is presented about the relation national energy use to economic activity (both time and cross-sectional) which offer a different perspective from standard economics for assessment historical current events. The analysis incorporates nearly 100 years data 3 cross-sectional on 87 sectors United States economy. Gross product, labor productivity, price levels are all correlated closely with various aspects use, these correlations improved when corrections made quality....

All forms of economic production and exchange involve the use energy directly in transformation materials. Until recently, cheap seemingly limitless fossil has allowed most society to ignore importance contributions process from biophysical world as well potential limits growth. This paper centers on assessing costs modern day its relation GDP. Our important focus is characteristics our major sources including each fuel's return investment (EROI). The EROI fuels declining renewable...

Economic production and, more generally, most global societies, are overwhelmingly dependant upon depleting supplies of fossil fuels. There is considerable concern amongst resource scientists, if not economists, as to whether market signals or cost benefit analysis based on today’s prices sufficient guide our decisions about energy future. These suspicions and concerns were escalated during the oil price increase from 2005 – 2008 subsequent but probably related collapse 2008. We believe that...

Energy and Economics Characteristics Magnitude of U.S. Resource Systems Environmental Human Impacts Extraction Use the Management Renewable Natural Resources Bibliography Index.

New data on the three major determinants of carbon release from tropical forest clearing are used in a computer model that simulates land use change and its effects content vegetation soil order to calculate net flux dioxide between ecosystems atmosphere. The also permits testing sensitivity calculated uncertainties these data. tropics were source at least 0.4 x 10(15) grams but not more than 1.6 1980, considerably less previous estimates. Decreases organic matter responsible for 0.1 0.3...

The near- and long-term societal effects of declining EROI are uncertain, but probably adverse. A major obstacle to examining social implications is that we do not have adequate empirical understanding how linked, directly or indirectly, an average citizen′s ability achieve well-being. To evaluate the possible linkages between well-being net energy availability, compare these preliminary estimates availability: (1) at a level, (2) use per capita, (3) multiple regression analyses (4) new...

Fish migration, total stream metabolism, and phosphous were studies in New Hope Creek, North Carolina, from April 1968 to June 1970. Upstream downstream movement of fish was monitored using weirs with traps. Most the 27 species had a consistent pattern larger moving upstream smaller downstream. Both movements greatest spring. For example, spring 1969, daily average seven weighing 1,081 g caught upstream, 17 472 Although more moved than up, size resulted large transfer upstream. Diurnal...

The main objective of this manuscript is to provide a formal methodology, structure, and nomenclature for EROI analysis that both consistent, so all numbers across various processes can be compared, also flexible, changes or additions the universal formula focus analyses on specific areas concern. To accomplish we address four are particular interest within analysis: (1) boundaries system under analysis, (2) energy quality corrections, (3) energy-economic conversions, (4) alternative...

tal impacts of human activity, especial ly those related to climate change and biodiversity, but far less attention has been paid the diminishing resource base for humans. Despite our inatten tion, depletion popula tion growth have continuing re lentlessly. The most immediate these issues appears be a decline in oil reservoirs, phenomenon commonly referred as peak because global production reached maximum is now declining. However, set economic are come home roost ever greater numbers...

H ow long will researchers working in adjoining fields...abstain from expressing serious concern about the splendid isolation which academic economics now finds itself?"Wassily Leontief, Nobel laureate economics, asked almost two decades ago (Leontief 1982, p. 104).The question is extremely important, because foundation on most decisions affecting agriculture, fisheries, environment, and, indeed, aspects of our daily lives are based.Natural scientists, including biological may have...

We argue that observed patterns of distribution and abundance plant animal species within space time are related directly to species-specific energy costs gains (energy balance) in response the many (Hutchinsonian N-dimensional) environmental or resource gradients. Competition, predation other biotic interactions operate principally by increasing species, can be included our balance methodology as additional gradients costs. Persistence a population and, ultimately, given locality, will...

Economies are fueled by energy produced in excess of the amount required to drive production process. Therefore any successful society’s resources must be both abundant and exploitable with a high ratio return on invested (EROI). Unfortunately most data kept costs oil gas operations monetary, not energy, terms. Fortunately we can convert monetary values into approximate deriving intensities for transactions from those few nations that keep sets data. We provide preliminary assessment EROI...

Oil and gas are the main sources of energy in United States. Part their appeal is high Energy Return on Investment (EROI) when procuring them. We assessed data from States Bureau Census Mineral Industries, Information Administration (EIA), Gas Journal for years 1919–2007 oil analyst Jean Laherrere to derive EROI both finding producing gas. found two general patterns relation gains compared costs: a gradual secular decrease an inverse drilling effort. decreased exponentially 1200:1 1919 5:1...

This paper assesses how much oil remains to be produced, and whether this poses a significant constraint global development. We describe the different categories of related liquid fuels, show that public-domain by-country proved (1P) reserves data, such as from EIA or BP Statistical Review, are very misleading should not used. Better data consultancy proved-plus-probable (2P) reserves. These generally backdated, i.e. with later changes in field's estimated volume being attributed date field...