Journal Article Mitochondrial DNA and two perspectives on evolutionary genetics Get access ALLAN C. WILSON, WILSON 1Department of Biochemistry, University California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar REBECCA L. CANN, CANN U.S.A2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, U426, San Francisco, 94143, STEVEN M. CARR, CARR U.S.A3Wildlife Genetics Laboraiory, Department Wildlge Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College...

Sympatric populations of white-tailed deer and mule (Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus hemionus, respectively) on a west Texas ranch share common mitochondrial DNA restriction map genotype. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this genotype is more characteristic O. than hemionus. The differs from South Carolina by five mutational events (1.3% sequence divergence), whereas it hemionus California 17 (5.5% divergence). We suggest interspecies hybridization has occurred, primarily between bucks...

We determined the DNA sequence of a portion mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for 55 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Norway and 10 locations within Northern Cod complex adjacent stocks off Newfoundland. was prepared sequencing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven variable nucleotide positions 298 base region defined 12 genotypes. Genotype proportions differed significantly between Newfoundland Norwegian populations: majority genotype among populations present in minority cod. showed...

Phylogenetic analysis of 13 substantially complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences (14 036 bp) from 10 taxa gadine codfishes and pollock provides highly corroborated resolution outstanding questions on their biogeographic evolution. Of 6 resolvable nodes among species, 4 were supported by >95% bootstrap replications in parsimony, distance, likelihood, similarly high posterior probabilities bayesian analyses, one 85%–95% according to the method analysis, 99% a majority other two. The...

On the basis of multiple complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences, we describe temporal phylogeography Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a lineage that has undergone complex pattern vicariant evolution, postglacial demographic shifts, and historic sharp population declines due to fishing and/or environmental shifts. Each 32 fish from four spawning aggregations northwest Norway unique mtDNA sequence, which differs by 6-60 substitutions. Phylogenetic analysis identifies six major haplogroups...

We examined joint patterns of variation among 11 morphological variables, vertebral counts, and DNA sequence in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene juvenile (0-group) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from northeast Newfoundland shelf Grand Banks. Canonical discriminant analysis shows that group centroids fish on off Banks are significantly different most southerly region (3O) have a smaller mean count than more northerly regions (3K, 3L); however, there is substantial overlap individuals,...

Abstract Bay cod, Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) that over‐winter in the deep‐water bays of northeastern Newfoundland, have historically been regarded as distinct migration and spawning behaviour from offshore (Grand Bank) stocks. To investigate their genetic relationships, we determined DNA sequence a 307‐base‐pair portion mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for 236 adult taken waters off including fish found over‐wintering Trinity Bay. Although 17 genotypes were found, single common genotype...

Phylogenetic relationships among 14 species of gadid fishes were investigated with portions two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, a 401 base pair (bp) segment the cytochrome b gene, and 495 bp oxidase I gene. The molecular data indicate that three gadids endemic to Pacific Basin represent simultaneous invasions by separate phylogenetic lineages. Alaskan or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is about as closely related Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) macrocephalus), which suggests T....

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing to study genetic variation within among populations of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua , in western North Atlantic. In a 307 bp region mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, 24 variable nucleotide positions define genotypes, which differ by from one six substitutions. Greenland cod ( G. ogac ) differs most similar genotype an additional 12 Silent transitions dominate both intra‐ interspecific comparisons, however four substitutions...

Restriction endonuclease cleavage maps were prepared by the double digestion method for mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) purified from Xenopus borealis, X. clivii, fraseri, muelleri, ruwenzoriensis, vestitus, laevis victorianus, l. laevis, and a variant of designated "davis." An average 21 sites per genome mapped with 11 restriction endonucleases. Among four invariant found are three conserved not only among mtDNAs tested but also nearly all vertebrate examined to date. Two these Sac II in 12S...

Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) have become of great importance to the Canadian fishery since moratorium on northern cod (Gadus morhua), and an understanding stock relationships among populations at southern extremes their commercial range is crucial for proper management. We compared mitochondrial DNA sequence variation fish taken from thoughout Northwest Atlantic (Flemish Pass, Grand Banks, Davis Strait, Greenland) with samples Gulf St. Lawrence, Iceland, Norway. Within a...

We used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a 359-base-pair portion of mitochondrial-cytochrome-A gene from 157 deer in genus Odocoileus. The examined included Texas white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus texanus) and Desert mule (O. hemionus crooki) an area sympatry west Texas, allopatric populations both species on either side area, black-tailed California columbianus) Alaska sitkensis). One moose (Alces alces) was as outgroup. Direct determination DNA sequences revealed 53 variable...

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome figures prominently in evolutionary investigations of vertebrate animals due to a suite characteristics that include absence Darwinian selection, high mutation rate, and inheritance as single linkage group. Given complete selective neutrality, mtDNA gene trees are expected correspond intraspecific phylogenies, diversity will reflect population size. validity these assumptions is, however, rarely tested on genome-wide scale. Here, we analyze rates patterns...

Phylogenomic analysis of highly-resolved intraspecific phylogenies obtained from complete mitochondrial DNA genomes has had great success in clarifying relationships within and among human populations, but found limited application other wild species. Analytical challenges include assessment random versus non-random phylogeographic distributions, quantification differences tree topologies populations. Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777) have a biogeographic distribution...

Ursvik et al. compared the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequences of Walleye Pollock (Gadus ( = Theragra) chalcogrammus) from Pacific Ocean with a pair fish an isolated population Norwegian pollock in Barents Sea. They concluded that was recently introduced Pacific. We test this hypothesis within temporal framework provided by phylogeographic analysis genomes pollocks' sister species, Atlantic Cod morhua), and their divergence 3.5 mya. have coalescent ancestor 189 ± 25 kya. The...

The first marine fish species to be listed under the Canadian Species At Risk Act as Threatened with extinction are spotted wolffish ( Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1774) and broadhead denticulatus Krøyer, 1844); a third species, striped lupus L., 1758), is of special concern. As part recovery plan for wolffish, we determined complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequences all three identify most variable gene regions population analysis. genomes comprise either 16 519 or 520 base pairs...

Abstract The historical phylogeography, biogeography, and ecology of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) have been impacted by cyclic Pleistocene glaciations, where drops in sea temperatures led to sequestering water ice sheets, emergence continental shelves, changes ocean currents. High‐resolution, whole‐genome mitogenomic phylogeography can help elucidate this history. We identified eight major haplogroups among 153 fish from 14 populations Bayesian, parsimony, distance methods, including one...

The island of Newfoundland, the first England’s overseas colonies, was settled from 17th century onward by restricted numbers English, Irish, and French immigrants, in small “outport” communities that have maintained geographic, religious, linguistic isolation to latest generations. To measure extent modification loss genetic variation through founder effect, drift, inbreeding this historically isolated population, we analyzed complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes 14 microsatellite loci...

The ice-breeding (pagophilic) habits and relatively short lactation periods of several species “true” seals (Phocidae) the Northwest Atlantic, including harp seal (Pagophilus), bearded (Erignathus), hooded (Cystophora), usually are assumed to have evolved in parallel. Current taxonomy regards Pagophilus ringed (Pusa) along with harbor (Phoca vitulina) as subgenera Phoca, unites Phoca (sensu lato) together gray (Halichoerus) Erignathus subfamily Phocinae, places Cystophora elephant (Mirounga)...