Abstract Understanding why dispersal is sex‐biased in many taxa still a major concern evolutionary ecology. Dispersal tends to be male‐biased mammals and female‐biased birds, but counter‐examples exist little known about sex bias other taxa. Obtaining accurate measures of the field remains problem. Here we describe compare several methods for detecting using bi‐parentally inherited, codominant genetic markers. If gene flow restricted among populations, then genotype an individual tells...

We compare, in an initially outbred population, the number of offspring equivalents expected by individual that avoids all inbreeding with tolerates one inbred mating. The model suggests for most mating systems, sole factor determining whether tolerance spreads is cost avoidance. Specifically, forms polygyny do not increase payoff to inbreeding; critical parameter matings engages but rather how many are forfeited when chooses mate a relative. also dispersal unlikely have arisen primarily as...

What distances would animals be expected to disperse if the only cost staying on natal site resulted from competition for resources limiting reproduction? In such a situation b est" dispersal distance zero, but constraint of prevent many individuals achieving this ideal; actual shaped by population demography. The models I describe predict distribution as function home range turnover probability that move first uncontested they encounter and no farther. provide good match data some, not all,...

Abstract Acoustic features of tropical forests which may influence the form primate vocalizations were investigated experimentally. Background noise levels and source sound measured in Kibale Forest, Uganda. Attenuation calls pure tones was by broadcasting rerecording these signals through forest. Transmission four species' investigated; among variables manipulated functional class vocalization (particularly long‐distance vs. intragroup), height broadcast, time broadcast. Zusammenfassung Bei...

The acoustic characteristics of three tropical habitats were investigated to determine how they might constrain the structure primate signals. Ambient noise was measured, along with signal attenuation and aspects degradation (reverberation, amplitude fluctuations, pulse train modulation depth). These measures allowed estimation effects habitat acoustics on distances over which calls would be audible (the "active space") primates could reliably transmit amplitude-modulated or pulse-coded information.

Abstract Dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) are small, communally breeding carnivores found in woodland and tree-savanna throughout Africa. Within a pack, socially subordinate do not normally breed, yet they invariably participate all aspects of parental care. The primary alternative to tolerating reproductive suppression is dispersal, which shortens the wait for dominance breeding. Here, we calculate annual inclusive fitness payoffs dispersing nondispersing strategies males females ages one...

Abstract The contexts and functions of several loud mangabey vocalizations, particularly the "whoopgobble", were investigated observationally experimentally. Whoopgobbles are notable for their audibility distinctiveness over long distances, temporal pattern delivery, stereotypy individual distinctiveness. On other hand, responses to these vocalizations variable sometimes nonobvious. In order control context more systematically investigate response, an experimental method involving playback...

Models dealing with the relationship of inbreeding to dispersal, evolution cooperative breeding, and adaptive significance reproductive suppression all involve a parameter describing die probability that emigration ends in death. Surprisingly, estimates this (or equivalently, dispersing successfully) are virtually absent from literature. There formidable difficulties estimating dispersal risk by direct observation emigrants, but we contend many investigators have already collected...

Abstract Single‐sample methods of bottleneck detection are now routine analyses in studies wild populations and conservation genetics. Three common approaches to the heterozygosity excess, mode‐shift, M‐ ratio tests. Empirical groundtruthing these is difficult, but their performances critical for accurate reconstruction population demography. We use two banner‐tailed kangaroo rat ( Dipodomys spectabilis ) from southeastern Arizona (USA) that known have experienced recent demographic...

Intergroup spacing of free-ranging mangabeys, Cercocebus albigena, was investigated by observation group movements and intergroup behavioral interactions in western Uganda between 1971 1974. This omnivorous, arboreal species distinguishes itself from many other forest monkeys its large home range seminomadic pattern movements. Although site attachment seems to be slight, existence can demonstrated comparison with random-walk predictions. Frequency encounter is extremely low; approaches...

Abstract We investigated the application of a recently developed genetic test for sex bias in dispersal. This determines an animal's ‘assignment index’ or expected frequency its genotype population which it is captured. Low assignment indices indicate low probability being born locally. use this with white‐footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus , dispersal predominantly male‐biased, but not extreme. found that male P. had significantly lower than females. These data suggest has potential to be...

Dispersal by young mammals away from their natal site is generally thought to reduce inbreeding, with its attendant negative fitness consequences. Genetic data the dwarf mongoose, a pack-living carnivore common in African savannas, indicate that there are exceptions this generalization. In mongoose populations Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, breeding pairs commonly related, and close inbreeding has no measurable effect on offspring production or adult survival. Inbreeding occurs because...

Abstract. Dwarf mongooses, Helogale parvula, are group-living carnivores in which the oldest male and female dominate reproduction, while subordinates tolerate reproductive suppression provide care for offspring of pair. Subordinates both sexes, however, mate subordinate females occasionally become pregnant. In addition, a model 'power-sharing' social groups (Vehrencamp 1983, Anim. Behav., 31, 667-682) predicts that dominant individuals should cede some fitness to subordinates, particularly...

Journal Article Failures of reproductive suppression in dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula): accident or adaptation? Get access Scott R. Creel, Creel 1Serengeti Wildlife Research Centerc/o Tanzania National Parks, Box 3134, Arusha, Tanzania, East Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter M. Waser 2Department Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Behavioral Ecology, Volume 2, Issue 1, Spring 1991, Pages 7–15,...

Summary Small nocturnal carnivores (particularly bat‐eared fox, aardwolf, white‐tailed mongoose and common genet) attain high population densities in several areas within the Serengeti. Comparative studies of activity patterns, microhabitat preferences, foraging behaviour diet indicate surprisingly broad overlap among these species along niche dimensions investigated. The attained by small carnivores, combined with their size correspondingly metabolic demands, suggest that ecological role is...

Summary Ranging patterns, feeding activity, and time budgets of a group gray‐cheeked mangabeys in the Kibale Forest, western Uganda, were studied May‐June 1971 from March 1972 to April 1973. Locations activities individuals fifteen‐member this arboreal primate systematically recorded at half‐hourly intervals during continuous following group. Phenological data concurrently collected for eleven species intensively used trees. Mangabeys are primarily frugivores, although leaves flowers some...