<b>Objective.</b> To examine perceived stress, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life in Doctor Pharmacy students across the first three years (pre-clinical portion) curriculum. <b>Methods.</b> Three instruments, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief COPE, Short Form-36, were administered to times a year over five-year period. Median annual scores compared using Skillings-Mack tests correlations assessed Spearman correlation. <b>Results.</b> One hundred forty-five (approximately 46%...

Some people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require intensive insulin therapy to manage their diabetes. This can increase the risk of diabetes-related hospitalizations. We hypothesize that initiation real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), which continuously measures a user's values and provides threshold- trend-based alerts, will reduce emergency department (ED) inpatient hospitalizations concomitant costs. A retrospective analysis US healthcare claims data using Optum's de-identified...

Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems by people with diabetes is associated improved glycemic outcomes, including lower glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Less known about adherence to CGM systems, whether outcomes are impacted levels adherence, or rates differ between types systems—intermittently scanned (isCGM) real-time (rtCGM). A retrospective analysis de-identified US administrative health claims and linked laboratory data was conducted using the Merative™ MarketScan® Research...

Key Points Patients with diabetes and CKD have a heightened risk of glycemic variability, which can lead to severe hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events, potentially resulting in hospitalization. This study describes the results retrospective claims analysis people insulin-requiring type 2 stage 3–5 who initiated continuous glucose monitoring. Continuous monitoring could help patients control their avoid dangerous events. Background There is variability CKD. crises. We hypothesized that...

This study evaluated whether the combined use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, was associated with larger hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) improvements compared semaglutide alone. Using US health care claims data from Optum Clinformatics database, this retrospective analysis identified adults type 2 diabetes (T2D) using semaglutide. The CGM cohort had at least 1 CGM-related claim between January 1, 2019, September 30, 2022. Random...

This retrospective analysis examined the association between change in A1C and professional continuous glucose monitoring (p-CGM) use patients with type 2 diabetes poor glycemic control who were not using insulin. Data from 15,481 eligible (p-CGM users n = 707 p-CGM nonusers 14,774) showed a greater decrease baseline to end of follow-up for users, differences favored regardless whether they started insulin therapy during period. These findings suggest that people have multiple noninsulin...

Abstract Aims In 2022, the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services released proposed changes to Medicare's continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) coverage policy, making individuals with a history of problematic hypoglycaemia eligible CGM coverage, irrespective insulin use. This study estimated burden in Advantage beneficiaries noninsulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analysed US healthcare claims data using Optum's deidentified Clinformatics®...

Promotion of prescription drug coupons and vouchers by pharmaceutical manufacturers has increased in recent years. These usually subsidize patients' cost-sharing obligations. In other words, companies pay for a patient's portion the cost, remaining cost is paid patient health plan. This practice normally used brand name drugs but can been generic drugs. Copayments (also known as copays), especially high copays higher drugs, are managed care organizations (MCOs) to place financial burden on...

This study evaluated changes in diabetes-related hospitalizations and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) costs after rtCGM initiation PWT2D on IIT. Retrospective analysis of US claims data using Optum’s Clinformatics® database was conducted. The cohort included CGM naïve IIT who initiated (Dexcom G6) between 8/1/2018 through 3/31/2021 (index date=earliest observed pharmacy claim). Diabetes-related (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia hypoglycemia) (ER inpatient visits) associated...

Background: For PWT2D, medication regimen adherence is associated with improved glycemic control and reduced health care utilization. However, little known about CGM for managing T2D, how it varies by type of CGM. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis Merative’s MarketScan® US healthcare claims data was conducted. The cohort included CGM-naïve PWT2D on IIT who initiated rtCGM or isCGM between 1/1/2017 through 12/31/2020 (index date=earliest observed pharmacy claim). Adherence defined...

Background: CGMs are used to guide lifestyle modifications, prevent hypoglycemia, and inform therapies. This study aimed evaluate whether CGM, alongside various classes of anti-diabetes medications, is associated with lower A1c in PWT2D NIT. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis deidentified Optum Clinformatics® US healthcare claims data was conducted. CGM naïve, NIT, ≥ 30 years 8.0% who initiated a between 01/2019 through 12/2022 (index date = start CGM) were included. control group...

This study examined the association between change in A1c and CGM data interpretation by health care providers (HCPs) among people with T2D using a personal CGM, stratified insulin therapy. US administrative claims for this retrospective analysis were from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics® Database. Commercially insured any evidence of (billing code 95251) 1/1/2020 12/31/2021 (index = earliest observed billing claim) identified. Those professional use 95250), prior interpretation,...

Background: National guidelines stipulate lifestyle and glycemic management for diabetes care. However, control remains inadequate many people. CGM devices can improve detection awareness of dysglycemia. Examining changes related to real-world use inform clinical policy decisions about implementing this technology. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study medical claims data from Aetna’s fully insured member population. The index date the first claim 1/1/2019 through 12/31/2021....

To examine the real-world impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use on glycemic management and health care resource utilization (HCRU) in people with diabetes a large US-insured population.

In 2022, the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services released proposed changes to Medicare’s continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) coverage policy, making individuals with a history of problematic hypoglycemia eligible CGM coverage, irrespective insulin use. This study estimated burden in Advantage (MA) beneficiaries type 2 diabetes not on therapy (T2D-NIT). We retrospectively analyzed US healthcare claims data using Optum’s Clinformatics® database. MA T2D-NIT were identified 15 years...

Evolution of CGM technology has equipped the market with different systems. This study compared two types devices, real-time (rt) and intermittently scanned (is) on clinical outcomes among persons diabetes using intensive insulin therapy. A retrospective analysis was performed Optum Clinformatics® Database comprised administrative claims data. naïve patients type 1 or 2 initiated rtCGM (Dexcom G6®) isCGM (FreeStyle Libre®) between 8/1/2018 through 3/31/2020 (index date = earliest observed...