Humic acids (HA) reportedly enhance the growth of numerous crops; however, little information is available as to their effects on turfgrasses. Experiments were conducted evaluate effect a commercial preparation HA photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, rooting, and nutrient content `Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.). Bentgrass plugs grown hydroponically in one-quarter-strength Hoagland's solution containing at 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg·L -1 with measurements made...

To determine the efficacy of two self-administered treatments in treatment mild to moderate depression, thirty-two middle aged adults volunteered for a study which they were randomly assigned either cognitive bibliotherapy, self-examination therapy, or wait list control group. After one-month wait, participants group received one treatments. Analyses indicated that bibliotherapy and therapy differed significantly from group, symptomatic improvement these groups was maintained months after...

This paper reports on the findings from a series of virtual focus groups that explored consumer perceptions animal-free dairy (AFD), an emerging type animal product alternative produced using tools synthetic biology and precision fermentation. Focus group participants came international sample potential “early adopters.” To stimulate conversation, were presented with visual “moodboards” framed key arguments both in favor opposition to AFD. Three primary thematic clusters emerged discussion....

Turfgrass systems contribute to the loading of reactive N water and air via runoff, leaching, gas emission. Yet, a comprehensive approach has never been developed assess loss potential from turfgrass systems. We used pools production (inorganic N, extractable organic NO) estimate hypothesized that this could be predicated by basic soil properties. A total 68 samples were taken 17 bermudagrass sites in North Carolina. Basic properties analyzed, including C C:N ratio, microbial biomass,...

To determine the efficacy of self-examination therapy in treatment generalized anxiety disorder, 38 adults volunteered for a study which they were randomly assigned to or delayed-treatment group. Analyses indicated that participants had significantly fewer symptoms than did group on outcome measures this study, included ratings by trained clinicians and participants. The reduction people receiving was maintained 3 months after ended. also showed significant improvement therapy.

sand-based rootzones are specified for golf course putting greens because they resist compaction and maintain drainage, even under heavy traffic. Although sands provide favorable physical properties, nutrient retention is generally poor soluble nutrients like nitrogen (N) prone to leaching. Laboratory experiments were conducted evaluate several inorganic soil amendments (clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ), diatomaceous earth, two porous ceramics), which varied in cation exchange capacity (CEC),...

Abstract Nitrogen uptake by two N-deficient turfgrass species was characterized measuring N depletion from a complete nutrient solution. The rate of both and enhanced up to 6-fold in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) compared N-sufficient controls, reaching maximum about 0.3 0.4 g N/m 2 per hr for , respectively. Deficiency-enhanced exceeded controls 72 following resupply N. similar degree deprivation Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis L.). Mowing had no effect on turf, whereas mowing...

A greenhouse study compared six warm season turfgrasses {common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], ‘Tifway’ hybrid (C. × transvaalensis), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.), ‘Raleigh’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and ‘Emerald’ (Z. tenuifolia)] for NO3-N leaching N use efficiency. Sod was established in sand-filled columns managed under worst-case conditions to promote nitrate leaching....

Modern sand-based golf course putting greens are constructed for optimum soil physical properties. However, since they sand based and synthetically prepared, it is often perceived that support a less numerous diverse microbial population than comparable native soils. This field study was conducted to monitor the properties of five newly rootzone mixtures planted creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds. Farw.) during first 2 yr turfgrass establishment. Bacteria, fungi,...

Abstract The depletion of N applied to a moderately N-deficient Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) turf was measured using soil sampling procedure. Nitrogen as either Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or (NH 4 SO in solution at 5 g N/m and washed into the thatch with an additional 0.3 cm water. Both forms were located primarily upper 1 soil. present solution, while mainly exchangeable (86%). concentrations 452 56 μg N/ml, respectively, Depletion both from very rapid, 70% 80% disappearing during first 24 hr....

Turf, consisting of closely spaced grasses and the subtending soil, is a unique ecosystem subject to intense management. Yet soil organic matter accumulates quickly reaches equilibrium after 20 50 years. Resource availability an important driver species richness theoretically their relationship expected be unimodal. In this work, we examined effects turf development (i.e. 1, 15, 109 year-old chronosequence) on microbial taxon richness, community composition, abundances genes putatively...

Abstract The absorption and assimilation of urea applied to the foliage Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Columbia') turf was evaluated under a controlled environment. Urea spray‐applied at 5 g N m‐2 in 200 ml deionized water both N‐replete N‐deficient turf. Uptake over 48 hr period estimated by washing procedure measure remaining on 15N analysis. Immediately following application, approximately one third located new leaf blades two thirds older leaves shoots. Compared amount absorbed as...

ABSTRACT Pressures to protect water quality and shortages are leading increased applications of effluent on turfgrasses, there pressures disperse throughout the year. These experiments investigated NO 3 − uptake efficiency by Tifway bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] during growth dormancy cycles, thus potential filter at different times Turf–soil cores from field plots were placed in controlled environment chambers fed solutions with 15 N‐NO Nitrate...

Nitrogen is typically supplied to turfgrasses either in large episodic pulses of readily available fertilizer N, or relatively small, constant fluxes from mineralization, slow release fertilizers, fertigation. There little information on the comparative physiology and productivity resulting each strategy. A greenhouse study was conducted determine turfgrass N partitioning as a function daily (near-constant) vs. intermittent supply. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown solution...

Abstract In dramatic and unprecedented circumstances, a former British Prime Minister has been investigated by the House of Commons Privileges Committee for breaking laws set his own government socialising partying whilst rest country toiled during Covid lockdowns. The lockdown were clear, saying we ‘must stay at home, protect NHS, save lives’. Socialising any kind was outlawed, with high fines imposed. Yet, Boris Johnson, it unclear whether such restrictions applied to administration. After...

ABSTRACT Turfgrass salinity tolerance is usually studied under conditions of non-limiting nutrition, even though most turfgrasses are managed with growth-limiting levels nitrogen (N). This study examined the effect N status (replete versus deficient) on in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Additionally, interactive effects and tissue ion concentrations were determined. Two cultivars (‘Monarch’ ‘Finelawn I’) grown nutrient solution culture. Treatments included level (100% or 25%...

Irrigators in arid and semiarid regions that use reuse water must maintain positive leaching fractions (LFs) to minimize salt buildup root zones. However, with the continuous feed of NO 3 -N water, imposing LFs can also lead greater downward movement -N. It is therefore essential deep be assessed relative nitrogen loading under such conditions. We conducted a long-term monitoring program on nine golf course fairways southern Nevada over 1600-d period. The were predominantly bermudagrass [...