Using data from the Medium Electrons A instrument on Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), a survey of pitch angle distributions (PADs) energetic electrons is performed. The are classified into three categories: 90°‐peaked, flattop, butterfly. categorizations examined as function L‐shell orbit number at electron energies 153, 510, 976 keV. 90°‐peaked dominate lowest energy channel, butterfly more prevalent higher L values. PADs dayside predominately distributions, while...

[1] A comparison of MeV electron measurements at geosynchronous orbit, GEO, with solar wind shows that the prediction model developed for GEO using data from declining phase cycle 22 (1995–1996) works well 23 (2006–2008), indicating flux has a predictable and systematic response to wind. The same maximum (2000–2003) less partly because it does not match high cutoff seen in reproduce sudden drops occur when magnetopause is close GEO. also reproduces nonlinear correlation speed log An...

Abstract. In this research, the geometrical structures of tilted current sheet and tail flapping waves have been analysed based on multiple spacecraft measurements some features sheets made clear for first time. The revealed in investigation are as follows: (1) magnetic field lines (MFLs) generally plane curves osculating planes which MFLs lie about vertical to equatorial plane, while normal leans severely dawn or dusk side. (2) may become very thin, half thickness its neutral is much less...

The radial positioning of radiation belt electrons as a function the Dst index and controlling solar wind parameters for deep penetration energetic into inner magnetosphere are investigated. Using 2–6 MeV electron data from Solar, Anomalous, Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) January 1995 to June 2004, we examine L location deepest penetration, maximum flux, flux enhancement variation over duration 119 moderate strong isolated geomagnetic storms. We find that at end injections, have...

Abstract Magnetic disturbances caused by the Earth's ring current, particularly during storm time activity, have a dominant effect on geomagnetic field. Strong currents and large kinetic magnetic energies can change considerably local field geometry depress ground The multispacecraft measurements of Cluster allow extensive in situ coverage current. We select 48 crossing events to investigate variation current density distribution configuration find direct evidence for existence an inner,...

On the basis of correlation between solar wind and radiation belt electron fluxes, we develop a model to simulate MeV phase space density variations from L = 3 8 by extending Li et al. (2001) radial diffusion for geosynchronous electrons. We add dependence allow comparison with measurements at more than one shell while retaining similar form their coefficient. The extended achieves prediction efficiency (PE) 0.61 4 0.52 6 when is converted differential flux compared orbit‐averaged Polar 2...

We present a generalized multipoint analysis of physical quantities, such as magnetic field and plasma flow, based on spatial gradient properties, where the data may be taken by irregular (distorted) configurations any number spacecraft. The methodology is modified from previous, fully 3‐D technique, designed to apply strictly 4‐point measurements stable for regular spacecraft configurations. Here, we adapt method tolerant against distorted return partial result when fewer are available....

Abstract For the first time, current density distribution in inner equatorial magnetosphere ranging from 4 to 12 R E ( is Earth radius, 6371 km) has been obtained by using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) (P3, P4, P5) three point magnetic measurements. This study mainly focuses on storm events when constellation THEMIS spacecraft relatively small separation distance. Two cases with different activities are displayed illustrate effectiveness method....

High-frequency vibratory pile driving exhibits remarkable efficiency in soft soil, with its impact on the surrounding soil to a limited range. Studying evolution of stress and strain fields during process is great significance for effective control construction accurate prediction foundation’s bearing capacity after installation. In this study, by means numerical simulation consideration large deformations even discontinuities induced penetration into response high-frequency steel pipe silt...

The sudden appearance of a new radiation belt consisting electrons with energies greater than 13 MeV near 2.5 Earth radii ( R E ), was observed by CRRES (Combined Radiation and Release Experiment Satellite) on 24 March 1991. Li et al. (1993) showed that the cause an electromagnetic pulse within Earth's magnetosphere caused unusually strong, fast shock in solar wind. Sudden shock‐induced injections above 10 to equatorial distances are extremely rare because intensity required. In current...

This note presents an analytical method for predicting the uplift capacity of a single pile embedded in sand, considering arching effect. Taking into account passive stress state dense sand and active loose adjacent to pile, theoretical solution lateral earth pressure coefficient with different soil densities is proposed. The failure surface was assumed be inverted frustum cone characteristic angle inclination. Using limit equilibrium method, closed-form established without requirement any...

Abstract. One manifestation of energetic particle acceleration during magnetospheric substorms is the sudden appearance injections into inner magnetosphere, often observed near geosynchronous orbit. Injections that show simultaneous flux increases in all energy ranges a detector are called dispersionless injections, and most narrow region around local midnight. In these events it assumed satellite located close to or inside where and/or transport processes taking place, injection region. We...

We report on a rare event of narrowband ULF magnetospheric pulsation that is observed at geosynchronous orbit over five consecutive days in the recovery period storm, with frequencies ranging from 5 to 9 mHz. The displays distinctive localization, being several hours local time noon and postnoon sectors during successive passes GOES‐8 GOES‐9. Geotail, which traversing outer magnetosphere couple R E farther out pulsations are observed, shows no distinct fluctuation magnetic field, excluding...

This paper proposes a semianalytical solution to analyze the long-term settlement of single pile embedded in fractional derivative viscoelastic soils under time-dependent loading. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) model will be introduced describe rheological behavior around pile. Based on shear deformation compatibility between and soils, strictly derived using correspondence principle Laplace transform technique. Three well-documented cases used verify correctness reliability proposed...

Abstract Based on the continuous magnetic measurements of multiple ground observatories, structure geomagnetic field disturbance and its temporal variations have been investigated, evolution storm ring current is deduced accordingly. Assuming that around Earth's surface approximately linearly varying in space, spatial gradient corrected H (geomagnetic horizontal) component can be obtained from observations. It found maximum difference surface, as calculated by multiplied Earth diameter,...

This paper gives a set of time-dependent displacement solutions for the case vertical concentrated force acting in interior fractional derivative viscoelastic soils. First, three-dimensional model is introduced to describe creep behavior Then based on well-known Mindlin's elastic and correspondence principle from static elasticity quasi-static viscoelasticity, proposed precise are systematically obtained Laplace transform domain. Subsequently, validated against three previously published...

Abstract. The relationship between the average structure of inner magnetospheric large-scale electric field and geomagnetic activity levels has been investigated by Double Star TC-1 data for radial distances ρ 4.5 RE 12.5 MLT 18:00 h 06:00 from July to October in 2004 2005. sunward component decreases monotonically as increases approaches zero distance off Earth is greater than 10 RE. dawn-dusk always duskward. It at about 6 where ring current typically observed be strongest shows strong...