Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With COVID-19, Severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults

Subclinical infection
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23349 Publication Date: 2023-07-13T15:05:11Z
AUTHORS (1163)
ABSTRACT
Importance Current data identifying COVID-19 risk factors lack standardized outcomes and insufficiently control for confounders. Objective To identify associated with COVID-19, severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design, Setting, Participants This secondary cross-protocol analysis included 4 multicenter, international, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, vaccine efficacy trials harmonized protocols established by the Prevention Network. Individual-level from participants randomized to receive placebo within each trial were combined analyzed. Enrollment began July 2020 last cutoff was in 2021. adults stable health, at SARS-CoV-2, assigned group trial. Data analyzed April 2022 February 2023. Exposures Comorbid conditions, demographic factors, exposure time of enrollment. Main Outcomes Measures Coprimary COVID-19. Multivariate Cox proportional regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) 95% CIs baseline covariates, accounting trial, region, calendar time. Secondary among people subclinical infection, Results A total 57 692 (median [range] age, 51 [18-95] years; 11 720 [20.3%] aged ≥65 31 058 [53.8%] male birth) included. The population 3270 American Indian or Alaska Native (5.7%), 7849 Black African (13.6%), 17 678 Hispanic Latino (30.6%), 40 745 White (70.6%). Annualized incidence 13.9% (95% CI, 13.3%-14.4%) 2.0% 1.8%-2.2%) Factors increased rates workplace (high vs low: aHR, 1.35 [95% 1.16-1.58]; medium 1.41 1.21-1.65]; P < .001) living condition (very high low risk: 1.21-1.66]; 1.19 1.08-1.32]; .001). decreased previous infection (aHR, 0.13 0.09-0.19]; .001), age 65 years older (aHR <65 years, 0.57 0.50-0.64]; race race, 0.78 0.67-0.91]; = .002). (American White: 2.61 1.85-3.69]; multiracial 2.19 1.50-3.20]; diabetes 1.54 1.14-2.08]; .005) least 2 comorbidities none, 1.39 1.09-1.76]; .008). In analyses restricted who contracted 1.75 1.32-2.31]; 1.98 1.38-2.83]; 1.49 1.03-2.14]; multiracial: 1.81 1.21-2.69]; overall body mass index per 1-unit increase, 1.03 1.01-1.04]; 1.85 1.37-2.49]; Previous 0.04 0.01-0.14]; Conclusions Relevance this clinical trials, had strongest associations outcomes; results could inform mitigation strategies viruses comparable epidemiological characteristics.
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