MAP4K4 and WT1 mediate SOX6‐induced cellular senescence by synergistically activating the ATF2–TGFβ2–Smad2/3 signaling pathway in cervical cancer

• DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13613
• Publication Date: 2024-02-22T02:25:35Z
• Authors: Han Zheng; Mingchen Liu; Shu Shi; Hongxin Huang; Xingwen Yang; Ziheng Luo; Yarong Song; Qiang Xu; Tingting Li; Lixiang Xue; Fengmin Lu; Jie Wang
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; cervical cancer; cisplatin; Mice, Nude; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Smad2 Protein; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Mice; Transforming Growth Factor beta2; Cell Line, Tumor; cellular senescence; Animals; Humans; Smad3 Protein; RC254-282; Research Articles; Cellular Senescence; Cell Proliferation; Mice, Inbred BALB C; 0303 health sciences; Activating Transcription Factor 2; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; senolytics; Female; SOX6; SOXD Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction

SRY‐box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) is a member of the SOX gene family and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, the final cell fate and significance of these cell‐cycle‐arrested cervical cancer cells induced by SOX6 remains unclear. Here, we report that SOX6 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cellular senescence, which is mainly mediated by promoting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) gene expression and subsequently activating the TGFβ2–Smad2/3–p53–p21WAF1/CIP1–Rb pathway. SOX6 promotes TGFB2 gene expression through the MAP4K4–MAPK (JNK/ERK/p38)–ATF2 and WT1–ATF2 pathways, which is dependent on its high‐mobility group (HMG) domain. In addition, the SOX6‐induced senescent cervical cancer cells are resistant to cisplatin treatment. ABT‐263 (navitoclax) and ABT‐199 (venetoclax), two classic senolytics, can specifically eliminate the SOX6‐induced senescent cervical cancer cells, and thus significantly improve the chemosensitivity of cisplatin‐resistant cervical cancer cells. This study uncovers that the MAP4K4/WT1–ATF2–TGFβ2 axis mediates SOX6‐induced cellular senescence, which is a promising therapeutic target in improving the chemosensitivity of cervical cancer.