Kinetic Stabilization of the Sol–Gel State in Perovskites Enables Facile Processing of High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

• DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808357
• Publication Date: 2019-06-17T16:37:04Z
• Authors: Kai Wang; Ming‐Chun Tang; Hoang X. Dang; Rahim Munir; Dounya Barrit; Michele De Bastiani; Erkan Aydin; Detlef‐M. Smilgies; Stefaan De Wolf; Aram Amassian
• Keywords: hybrid perovskite solar cell; in situ GIWAXS; mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskites; 660; anti-solvent drip; hybrid perovskite solar cells; kinetic stabilization; 530; 7. Clean energy; 01 natural sciences; 0104 chemical sciences

Perovskite solar cells increasingly feature mixed-halide mixed-cation compounds (FA1-x-y MAx Csy PbI3-z Brz ) as photovoltaic absorbers, they enable easier processing and improved stability. Here, the underlying reasons for ease of are revealed. It is found that halide cation engineering leads to a systematic widening anti-solvent window fabrication high-quality films efficient cells. This widens from seconds, in case single cation/halide systems (e.g., MAPbI3 , FAPbI3 FAPbBr3 ), several minutes mixed systems. In situ X-ray diffraction studies reveal closely related crystallization disordered sol-gel number crystalline byproducts; therefore depends directly on precise composition. Moreover, dripping shown promote desired perovskite phase with careful formulation. The cells, defined by latest time drip yields broadened increasing complexity content. behavior ascribed kinetic stabilization state through engineering. provides guidelines designing new formulations, aimed at formation phase, ultimately resulting high-efficiency produced high reproducibility.