Indole clubbed 2,4‐thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3‐triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug‐resistant strain and molecular modeling studies

• DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300673
• Publication Date: 2024-01-22T06:54:45Z
• Authors: Dipti B. Upadhyay; Jaydeep A. Mokariya; Paras J. Patel; Subham G. Patel; Anwesha Das; Arijit Nandi; Joaquina Nogales; Nachiket More; Amit Kumar; Dhanji P. Rajani; Mahesh Narayan; Jyotish Kumar; Sourav Banerjee; Suban K. Sahoo; Hitendra M. Patel
• Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis; Aspergillus niger

Abstract In the face of escalating challenges microbial resistance strains, this study describes design and synthesis 5‐({1‐[(1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl]‐1 ‐indol‐3‐yl}methylene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, which have demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties. Compared with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ciprofloxacin on respective compounds 5a , 5d 5g 5l 5m exhibited potent antibacterial activity MIC ranging from 16 to 25 µM. Almost all synthesized showed lower compared standards against vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Additionally, majority remarkable antifungal activity, Candida albicans Aspergillus niger as nystatin, griseofulvin, fluconazole. Furthermore, notable effects Plasmodium falciparum strain, having IC 50 1.31 2.79 μM standard quinine (2.71 μM). Cytotoxicity evaluation 5a–q SHSY‐5Y cells at up 100 μg/mL no adverse effects. Comparison control groups highlights their noncytotoxic characteristics. Molecular docking confirmed compound binding target active sites, stable protein–ligand complexes displaying drug‐like molecules. dynamics simulations revealed dynamic stability interactions. Rigorous tests molecular modeling unveil effectiveness drug‐resistant microbes, providing hope for new potential safety.