Tangerine peel ashes applied as green catalyst: a biorefinery‐based approach for biodiesel production

• DOI: 10.1002/bbb.2327
• Publication Date: 2021-12-20T10:24:11Z
• Authors: Keverson G. de Ol...; Ramoni Renan S. d...; Heloise M. de A. ...; Tatiana de C. Bicudo; Luciene S. de Car...
• Keywords: Thermogravimetry; Soybean oil; Thermal desorption spectroscopy; Thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract In this research, a greener heterogeneous catalyst (named TPC) was obtained from ‘Ponkan’ tangerine ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) peel ashes. TPC efficient for biodiesel production through the methyl route using refined soybean oil and waste cooking as raw materials in biorefinery‐based approach. Eight samples were prepared via calcination of ashes at 700 °C (TPC7), 800 (TPC8) 900 (TPC9), blends TPC7 with CaCO 3 K 2 CO . All catalysts employed preliminary tests transesterification reactions. A set characterization techniques such Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, fluorescence, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, ‐desorption programmed temperature, thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), N adsorption–desorption isotherms, Hammett basicity test performed assessment. The diffractometry patterns showed peaks associated characteristic phases , Ca(CO ) MgO CaO, confirmed by spectroscopy fluorescence. temperature data demonstrated presence basic sites catalysts. experimental evaluation response surface methodology D‐Optimal design that reaction time effect F = 19.04, P ‐value 0.0005) its interaction molar ratio are most significant parameters to improve yield biodiesel. selected conditions promoted ester conversion higher than 92%, calculated 1 H NMR data. Furthermore, effective TPC8 catalysts, allowing sustainable economic feasibility process. © 2021 Society Chemical Industry John Wiley & Sons, Ltd