Reusable chemical catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: The role of metallic elements

• DOI: 10.1002/cben.202400033
• Publication Date: 2025-01-27T15:14:00Z
• Authors: Ali Gholami; Fathollah Pourfayaz; Konstantin Rodygin

Abstract In recent decades, biodiesel has emerged as a renewable and environmentally benign fuel compared with its fossil counterpart. From an industrial perspective, homogeneously‐catalyzed transesterification been established the principal method for synthesis owing to moderate reaction conditions. However, homogeneous catalysts cannot be reused, large amounts of wastewater accompany their separation from products, making production process detrimental environment contrary sustainable development objectives. This grim reality confronting green can avoided by using heterogeneous that recycled reused several times. Metal elements have played crucial role in such catalysts. These species are readily available provide solid high activity. Due significant contribution achieving biodiesel, this paper reviews metallic fabricating functional materials, including metal oxides, mixed metal‐doped porous frameworks. The optimized conditions focused on reusability were reported analyzed each class Challenges future requirements boosting catalysts’ activity also discussed. Leaching active sites pore blockage primary factors reusability. issues could minimized supported atoms providing stronger bond support, utilizing membrane reactors continuously remove products mixture.