The role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in infectious complications during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia

• DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30039
• Publication Date: 2016-05-04T13:35:52Z
• Authors: Jessica R. Gallow...; Daniel P. Smith; Pranoti Sahasrabh...; Nadim J. Ajami; W. Duncan Wadsworth; Naval G. Daver; Roy F. Chemaly; Lisa Marsh; Shashank S. Ghantoji; Naveen Pemmaraju; Guillermo Garcia‐...; Katayoun Rezvani; Amin M. Alousi; Jennifer A. Wargo; Elizabeth J. Shpall; Phillip A. Futreal; Michele Guindani; Joseph F. Petrosino; Dimitrios P. Kont...; Samuel A. Shelburne
• Keywords: Induction chemotherapy; Oral Microbiome

Despite increasing data on the impact of microbiome cancer, dynamics and role in infection during therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are unknown. Therefore, authors sought to determine correlations between composition infectious outcomes patients with AML who were receiving induction chemotherapy (IC).Buccal fecal specimens (478 samples) collected twice weekly from 34 undergoing IC. Oral stool microbiomes characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA V4 sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq system. Microbial diversity genera associated clinical outcomes.Baseline α-diversity was significantly lower developed infections IC compared those did not (P = .047). Significant decreases both oral microbial observed over course IC, a linear correlation change at 2 sites .02). Loss receipt carbapenem P < 0.001. Domination events majority transient (median duration, 1 sample), whereas number domination pathogenic increased .002). Moreover, lost more likely contract microbiologically documented within 90 days after neutrophil recovery .04).The current present largest longitudinal analyses date suggest that measurements could assist mitigation complications therapy. Cancer 2016;122:2186-96. © 2016 American Society.