A specific anti‐COVID‐19 BNT162b2 vaccine‐induced early innate immune signature positively correlates with the humoral protective response in healthy and multiple sclerosis vaccine recipients

• DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1434
• Publication Date: 2023-03-24T00:09:22Z
• Authors: Martina Severa; Fabiana Rizzo; Alessandro Siniga...; Daniela Ricci; Marilena Paola Etna; Gaia Cola; Doriana Landi; Maria Chiara Busc...; Catia Valdarchi; Giovanni Ristori; Silvia Riccetti; Chiara Piubelli; Pierangela Palmerini; Antonio Rosato; Federico Gobbi; Stefano Balducci; Girolama Alessand...; Marco Salvetti; Luisa Barzon; Eliana Marina Coccia
• Keywords: Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA; mRNA vaccine; Settore MEDS-12/A - Neurologia; 616; 610; Original Articles; Immunologic diseases. Allergy; RC581-607; innate immunity; SARS‐CoV‐2; humoral response; innate immunity; mRNA vaccine; humoral response; SARS‐CoV‐2; 3. Good health

Abstract Objectives The very rapidly approved mRNA‐based vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein, including Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2, are effective in protecting from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) immunocompetent population. However, establishing the duration and identifying correlates of vaccine‐induced protection will be crucial to optimise future immunisation strategies. Here, we studied healthy vaccine recipients people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), undergoing different therapies, regulation innate immune response by mRNA vaccination order correlate it magnitude protective humoral responses. Methods Healthy subjects ( n = 20) matched pwMS 22) were longitudinally sampled before after vaccination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐associated type I II interferon (IFN)‐inducible gene expression, serum cytokine/chemokine profile as well binding neutralising anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 antibodies (Abs) measured. Results We identified an early module composed IFN‐inducible genes Mx1, OAS1 IRF1, cytokines IL‐15, IL‐6, TNF‐α IFN‐γ chemokines IP‐10, MCP‐1 MIG, induced 1 day post second third BNT162b2 doses, strongly correlating MS vaccinees. Moreover, induction was dramatically affected treated fingolimod ocrelizumab, both groups unable induce a COVID‐19 vaccine. Conclusion Overall, this study suggests that immunity is mediated IFN signalling, impacts on adaptive responses might indicative protection.