No cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of graphene and graphene oxide in murine lung epithelial FE1 cells in vitro

• DOI: 10.1002/em.22017
• Publication Date: 2016-05-18T00:47:38Z
• Authors: Stefan Bengtson; Kirsten Kling; Anne Mette Madsen; Asger W. Noergaard; Nicklas Raun Jaco...; Per Axel Clausen; Beatriz Alonso; Amaia Pesquera; Amaia Zurutuza; Raphael Ramos; Hanako Okuno; Jean Dijon; Håkan Wallin; Ulla Vogel
• Keywords: Comet Assay; Viability assay

Graphene and graphene oxide receive much attention these years, because they add attractive properties to a wide range of applications products. Several studies have shown toxicological effects other carbon‐based nanomaterials such as carbon black nanoparticles nanotubes in vitro vivo. Here, we report in‐depth physicochemical characterization three commercial materials, one (GO) two reduced oxides (rGO) assess cytotoxicity genotoxicity the murine lung epithelial cell line FE1. The studied GO rGO mainly consisted 2–3 layers with lateral sizes 1–2 µm. had almost equimolar content C, O, H while materials lower contents oxygen C/O C/H ratios 8 12.8, respectively. All low levels endotoxin inorganic impurities, which were sulphur, manganese, silicon. generated more ROS than but none influenced terms viability proliferation after 24 hr. Furthermore, no was observed using alkaline comet assay following 3 or hr exposure. We demonstrate that chemically pure, few‐layered comparable size (> 1 µm) do not induce significant FE1 cells at relatively high doses (5–200 µg/ml). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:469–482, 2016. © 2016 Authors. Environmental Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.