Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities

• DOI: 10.1002/fft2.15
• Publication Date: 2020-03-27T05:42:51Z
• Authors: Chongde Sun; Chao Zhao; Esra Capanoglu Guven; Paolo Paoli; Jesus Simal‐Gandara; Kunka Mohanram Ra...; Shengpeng Wang; Florina Buleu; Ana Pah; Vladiana Turi; Georgiana Damian; Simona Dragan; Merve Tomas; Washim Khan; Mingfu Wang; Dominique Delmas; Maria Puy Portillo; Parsa Dar; Lei Chen; Jianbo Xiao
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; bioavailability, clinical study, diabetes, diabetic complication, dietary polyphenols, glucose absorption, intestinal microbiota, pancreatic islet -cell; diabetes; Nutrition. Foods and food supply; dietary polyphenols; diabetic complication; clinical study; TP368-456; Food processing and manufacture; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; glucose absorption; TX341-641; bioavailability

AbstractDietary polyphenols have been widely investigated as antidiabetic agents in cell, animals, human study, and clinical trial. The number of publication (Indexed by Web of Science) on “polyphenols and diabetes” significantly increased since 2010. This review highlights the advances and opportunities of dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents. Dietary polyphenols prevent and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus via the insulin‐dependent approaches, for instance, protection of pancreatic islet β‐cell, reduction of β‐cell apoptosis, promotion of β‐cell proliferation, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of insulin signaling, and stimulation of pancreas to secrete insulin, as well as the insulin‐independent approaches including inhibition of glucose absorption, inhibition of digestive enzymes, regulation of intestinal microbiota, modification of inflammation response, and inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products. Moreover, dietary polyphenols ameliorate diabetic complications, such as vascular dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, coronary diseases, renal failure, and so on. The structure–activity relationship of polyphenols as antidiabetic agents is still not clear. The individual flavonoid or isoflavone has no therapeutic effect on diabetic patients, although the clinical data are very limited. Resveratrol, curcumin, and anthocyanins showed antidiabetic activity in human study. How hyperglycemia influences the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols is not well understood. An understanding of how diabetes alters the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols will lead to an improvement in their benefits and clinical outcomes.