Microglia are less pro‐inflammatory than myeloid infiltrates in the hippocampus of mice exposed to status epilepticus

• DOI: 10.1002/glia.23008
• Publication Date: 2016-06-01T05:36:49Z
• Authors: Jonathan Vinet; Ilia D. Vainchtein; Carlotta Spano; Carmela Giordano; Domenico Bordini; Giulia Curia; Massimo Dominici; Hendrikus W. G. M...; Bart J. L. Eggen; Giuseppe Biagini
• Keywords: Male; Epileptogenesis; Metalloproteinases; Pilocarpine; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Temporal lobe epilepsy; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience; Neurology; Interleukin-1beta; Piriform Cortex; pro-inflammatory cytokines; Hippocampus; metalloproteinases; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Status Epilepticus; 0302 clinical medicine; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; Animals; Myeloid Cells; CD40 Antigens; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; Pilocarpine; FACTOR-ALPHA; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; temporal lobe epilepsy; GLUTAMATE UPTAKE; TNF-ALPHA; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; pilocarpine; Disease Models, Animal; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Astrocytes; ACID; epileptogenesis; SEIZURES; Microglia

Activated microglia, astrogliosis, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage and peripheral immune cell infiltration are features mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Numerous studies correlated the cytokines with activated morphology attributing them a pro-epileptogenic role. However, microglia myeloid cells such as macrophages have always been difficult to distinguish due an overlap in expressed surface molecules. Thus, detrimental role epilepsy that is attributed might be shared infiltrates. Here, we used FACS-based approach discriminate between infiltrates isolated from hippocampus 24 h 96 after status epilepticus (SE) pilocarpine-treated CD1 mice. We observed do not express MHCII whereas high levels CD40 SE. This antigen-presenting phenotype presence CD4(pos) T cells. Moreover, only TNFα SE while IL-1β TNFα. Immunofluorescence showed astrocytes but IL-1β. Myeloid also matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 12 MMP-12, suggesting involvement both types BBB follows Finally, phagocytosis receptor Axl, pointing apoptotic one main functions microglia. Our data suggests that, during early epileptogenesis, remain rather supressed display strong inflammatory profile. GLIA 2016 2016;64:1350-1362.