Morphology of the tongue of Vermilingua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) and evolutionary considerations

• DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20718
• Publication Date: 2017-06-23T03:40:58Z
• Authors: Daniel M. Casali; Elisângela Martin...; André L. Q. Santos; Flávia R. Miranda; Germán A. B. Mahecha; Fernando A. Perini
• Keywords: Xenarthra; Lingual papilla

Abstract The tongue of anteaters (Xenarthra, Pilosa, Vermilingua) is a highly specialized for myrmecophagy. Here, we describe the topography and histology tongue, compare it to that other xenarthrans myrmecophagous eutherian mammals. Vermilingua long slender, with an apical protuberance, which differs between Myrmecophagidae Cyclopes didactylus . In former, rostral region conical, in latter, dorsoventrally compressed, as observed sloths. has filiform circumvallate papillae on surface; foliate fungiform are absent. Myrmecophaga tridactyla simple all over differing from Tamandua tetradactyla , present composed middle regions. Histologically, peculiar organization muscular neurovascular tissues, usual mammalian pattern. However, structure less divergent presence two common three major clades Xenarthra (Cingulata, Folivora Vermilingua). each group, may reflect functional features related (anteaters some armadillos), omnivorous (remaining armadillos) folivorous (sloths) feeding habits. similarities tongues Vermiligua non‐xenarthran mammals somewhat general and, under close inspection, superficial, being example different lineages achieving same morphofunctional adaptations through distinct evolutionary pathways.