Orderly osteochondral regeneration in a sheep model using a novel nano‐composite multilayered biomaterial

• DOI: 10.1002/jor.20958
• Publication Date: 2009-07-21T19:38:22Z
• Authors: Elizaveta Kon; Marco Delcogliano; Giuseppe Filardo; Milena Fini; Gianluca Giavaresi; Silvia Francioli; Ivan Martin; Daniele Pressato; Elena Arcangeli; Rodolfo Quarto; Monica Sandri; Maurillo Marcacci
• Keywords: Cartilage, Articular; 0301 basic medicine; Wound Healing; Bone Regeneration; Sheep; Tissue Scaffolds; Autologous chondrocytes; Biocompatible Materials; Knee Injuries; Nanocomposites; 3. Good health; Disease Models, Animal; 03 medical and health sciences; Chondrocytes; Osteochondral defect; Biomimetic scaffold; Cartilage regeneration; Biomimetic Materials; Animals; Autologous chondrocytes; Biomimetic scaffold; Cartilage regeneration; Osteochondral defect; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Cartilage, Articular; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Femur; Knee Injuries; Sheep; Biomimetic Materials; Nanocomposites; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine; Female; Femur; Cells, Cultured

AbstractThe objective of this article was to investigate the safety and regenerative potential of a newly developed biomimetic scaffold when applied to osteochondral defects in an animal model. A new multilayer gradient nano‐composite scaffold was obtained by nucleating collagen fibrils with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. In the femoral condyles of 12 sheep, 24 osteochondral lesions were created. Animals were randomized into three treatment groups: scaffold alone, scaffold colonized in vitro with autologous chondrocytes and empty defects. Six months after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the lesions were histologically evaluated. Histologic and gross evaluation of specimens showed good integration of the chondral surface in all groups except for the control group. Significantly better bone regeneration was observed both in the group receiving the scaffold alone and in the group with scaffold loaded with autologous chondrocytes. No difference in cartilage surface reconstruction and osteochondral defect filling was noted between cell‐seeded and cell‐free groups. In the control group, no bone or cartilage defect healing occurred, and the defects were filled with fibrous tissue. Quantitative macroscopic and histological score evaluations confirmed the qualitative trends observed. The results of the present study showed that this novel osteochondral scaffold is safe and easy to use, and may represent a suitable matrix to direct and coordinate the process of bone and hyaline‐like cartilage regeneration. The comparable regeneration process observed with or without autologous chondrocytes suggests that the main mode of action of the scaffold is based on the recruitment of local cells. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:116–124, 2010