Pelvic floor activation upon stimulation of the sacral spinal nerves in sacral neuromodulation patients
Adult
urinary retention
Sacrum
urinary incontinence
sacral neurostimulation
Electromyography
Lumbosacral Plexus
Pelvic Floor
Middle Aged
new instrumentation
Electric Stimulation
sacral neuromodulation
pelvic organ dysfunction
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
pelvic floor
neuromodulation
Humans
overactive bladder
Female
Human medicine
Muscle, Skeletal
prospective study
Aged
DOI:
10.1002/nau.24425
Publication Date:
2020-06-25T17:03:02Z
AUTHORS (6)
ABSTRACT
AbstractPurposeTo assess the activation of the different parts of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) upon electrical stimulation of the sacral spinal nerves while comparing the different lead electrode configurations.Material and MethodsPFM electromyography (EMG) was recorded using an intravaginal multiple array probe with 12 electrodes pairs, which allows to make a distinction between the different sides and depths of the pelvic floor. In addition concentric needle EMG of the external anal sphincter was performed to exclude far‐field recording. A medtronic InterStim tined lead (model 3889) was used as stimulation source. Standard SNM parameters (monophasic pulsed square wave, 210 microseconds, 14 Hz) were used to stimulate five different bipolar electrode configurations (3+0−/3+2−/3+1−/0+3−/1+3−) up to and around the sensory threshold. Of each EMG signal the stimulation intensity needed to evoke the EMG signals as well as its amplitude and latency were determined. Linear mixed models was used to analyse the data.ResultsTwenty female patients and 100 lead electrode configurations were stimulated around the sensory response threshold resulting in 722 stimulations and 12 times as many (8664) EMG recordings. A significant increase in EMG amplitude was seen upon increasing stimulation intensity (P < .0001). Large differences were noted between the EMG amplitude recorded at the different sides (ipsilateral>posterior>anterior>contralateral) and depths (deep>center>superficial) of the pelvic floor. These differences were noted for all lead electrodes configurations stimulated (P < .0001). Larger EMG amplitudes were measured when the active electrode was located near the entry point of the sacral spinal nerves through the sacral foramen (electrode #3). No differences in EMG latency could be withheld, most likely due to the sacral neuroanatomy (P > .05).ConclusionsA distinct activation pattern of the PFM could be identified for all stimulated lead electrode configurations. Electrical stimulation with the most proximal electrode (electrode #3) as the active one elicited the largest PFM contractions.
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