Low‐Temperature, Scalable, Reactive Deposition of Tin Oxide for Perovskite Solar Cells

• DOI: 10.1002/solr.202200263
• Publication Date: 2022-06-21T18:12:13Z
• Authors: Dominic Blackburn; Thomas J. Routledge; Mary O’Kane; Elena J. Cassella; Onkar S. Game; Thomas E. Catley; Christopher J. Wood; Trevor McArdle; David George Lidzey
• Keywords: Tin oxide

Tin oxide (SnO x ) electron‐extraction layers are fabricated via a reactive electron‐beam evaporation process from metal source under partial pressure of oxygen. These then used in standard (n‐i‐p) architecture perovskite solar cells and achieve power conversion efficiencies up to 19.3%. The SnO deposition is performed onto substrates maintained at low temperature compared similar techniques, with films not requiring any subsequent high‐temperature post‐deposition annealing. This demonstrates the potential compatibility roll‐to‐roll processing flexible polymeric substrates.