Comparison of Y Chromosome and mtDNA Phylogenies Leads to Unique Inferences of Macaque Evolutionary History

• DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0834
• Publication Date: 2002-09-18T19:46:30Z
• Authors: Anthony J Tosi; Juan Carlos Morales; Don J Melnick
• Keywords: Male; 0301 basic medicine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Proteins; DNA; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Mitochondrial; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; DNA-Binding Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; 03 medical and health sciences; Cercopithecinae; Y Chromosome; Animals; Macaca; Female; Phylogeny; Transcription Factors

We report here the results of one of the first analyses to use male-specific nuclear markers in elucidating primate phylogenetic relationships at the intrageneric level. Two closely linked Y chromosome markers, TSPY and SRY, were sequenced for a total of 3100 bases. Forty-four macaques, representing 18 of the 19 recognized species, were sequenced for the full 3.1 kb, as was 1 individual from each of the following outgroup genera: Papio, Theropithecus, Mandrillus, Allenopithecus,Cercopithecus, Trachypithecus, Presbytis, and Homo. In contrast to recent mtDNA phylogenies, Y chromosome loci support four monophyletic species groups, including a sinica group containing M. arctoides-a classification largely congruent with those of Fooden and Delson. Comparison of mtDNA and Y chromosome phylogenies highlight (1) a potential hybrid origin of Macaca arctoides from M. fascicularis and proto-M. assamensis/thibetana and (2) cases of mitochondrial paraphyly in macaque species whose Y chromosome lineages are monophyletic-a probable evolutionary consequence of philopatric females vs dispersing males. These results raise the question of whether a phylogenetic tree should be a topology of species origins or a depiction of more current species relationships, including subsequent episodes of introgression.