Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors

• DOI: 10.1007/s00192-009-1011-x
• Publication Date: 2009-10-15T12:09:45Z
• Authors: Stephanie J. Brown; Susan Donath; Christine MacArthur; Ellie A. McDonald; Ann H. Krastev
• Keywords: Adult; Adolescent; Victoria; Incidence; 3. Good health; Pregnancy Complications; Parity; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; Urinary Incontinence; 0302 clinical medicine; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Humans; Female; Prospective Studies

Few studies have examined associations of prepregnancy urinary incontinence (UI).Multicentre prospective pregnancy cohort study (n = 1,507) using standardised measures to assess frequency and severity of UI.Prevalence of UI increased from 10.8% in the 12 months before the index pregnancy to 55.9% in the third trimester. Stress incontinence (36.9%) and mixed incontinence (13.1%) were more common during pregnancy than urge incontinence alone (5.9%). UI before pregnancy was associated with childhood enuresis (adjusted odds ratio (AdjOR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-3.4), higher maternal body mass index (AdjOR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.8), and previous miscarriages or terminations (AdjOR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3). The strongest predictor of incident UI in pregnancy was occasional leakage (less than once a month) before pregnancy (AdjOR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.8-4.7).Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of prepregnancy and pregnancy-related factors in the aetiology of UI in nulliparous women.