Galangin prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis in rats

• DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03449-1
• Publication Date: 2024-10-02T08:02:12Z
• Authors: Mohammad H. Abukh...; Zina Al-Alami; Hayman A. A. Altaie; Saleem H. Aladaileh; Sarah I. Othman; Osama Y. Althunibat; Manal A. Alfwuaires; Afaf F. Almuqati; Bader Alsuwayt; Hassan A. Rudayni; Ahmed A. Allam; Ayman M. Mahmoud
• Keywords: Galangin; Nephrotoxicity

The well-known antibiotic gentamicin (GEN) works well against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, nevertheless its therapeutic use might be limited by the possibility of nephrotoxicity. The naturally occurring flavonoid galangin (GAL) has several interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of GAL on GEN-induced renal injury. Rats received GAL for 14 days and GEN from day 8 to day 14. There was a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine along with several histopathological changes in the kidney following GEN administration. GEN-treated rats also showed increased levels of kidney MDA and NO, and decreased GSH content and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Rats received GEN also demonstrated increased NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the kidney. GAL remarkably prevented tissue injury, attenuated MDA and NO levels, improved antioxidants, and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators in the kidney of GEN-treated rats. Furthermore, GEN-administrated rats exhibited increased Bax and caspase-3 with concomitant decline in Bcl-2 levels in the kidney, an effect that GAL attenuated. In conclusion, GAL prevents GEN-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and augmenting antioxidant defense, suggesting its therapeutic potential against drug nephrotoxicity.