Elucidation of transformation pathway of ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and furosemide in surface water and their occurrence in the aqueous environment using UHPLC-QTOF-MS

• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7614-1
• Publication Date: 2014-01-22T13:20:55Z
• Authors: A. Jakimska; M. Śliwka-Kaszyńska; J. Reszczyńska; J. Namieśnik; A. Kot-Wasik
• Keywords: Photodegradation; Ketoprofen

The identification and determination of transformation products (TPs) pharmaceuticals is essential nowadays, in order to track their fate the aqueous environment and, thus, estimate actual pollution. However, this a challenging task due necessity apply high-resolution instruments enable detect known unknown compounds. This work presents use liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) as powerful tool for three selected pharmaceuticals, furosemide (FUR), ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprofen (KET), TPs various water samples. Laboratory degradation experiments were performed using xenon lamp source irradiation simulate phototransformation processes which may occur environment. Furthermore, photodegradation kinetics compounds assessed reactor equipped with river Five IBP, seven KET, five FUR identified; some them are presented here first time. Accurate measurements fragmentation pattern obtained during an LC-QTOF-MS analysis allowed structure elucidation followed by creation pathway pharmaceuticals. Finally, different samples (wastewater influent effluent, water, untreated treated water) analyzed presence parent transformed Only KET was detected untransformed form considered Most drugs found at least once all Although IBP not present compounds, occur. A great potential structural environment, allowing recognition through pathway, has been presented.