Non-contrast three-dimensional gradient recalled echo Dixon-based magnetic resonance angiography/venography in children

• DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4297-3
• Publication Date: 2018-11-06T22:57:18Z
• Authors: Jonathan R. Dillman; Andrew T. Trout; Arnold C. Merrow; Ryan A. Moore; Mantosh S. Rattan; Eric J. Crotty; Robert J. Fleck; Masami Yoneyama; Hui Wang; Jean A. Tkach
• Keywords: Magnetic resonance angiography; Neuroradiology; Venography; Gradient echo

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been considered a valuable diagnostic tool for noninvasive imaging of the vasculature in children and adults for more than two decades. While a variety of non-contrast MRI methods have been described for imaging of both arteries and veins (e.g., time-of-flight, phase contrast, and balanced steady-state free precession imaging), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography/venography are the most commonly employed vascular imaging techniques due to their high spatial and contrast resolutions and general reliability. In this technical innovation article, we describe a novel 3-D respiratory-triggered gradient recalled echo Dixon-based MR angiography/MR venography technique that provides high-resolution anatomical imaging of the vasculature of the neck, body and extremities without the need for intravenous contrast material or breath-holding.