Methodology for the analysis of biological impurities associated with peri-eucharistic phenomena

• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-025-13439-9
• Publication Date: 2025-03-05T07:21:48Z
• Authors: Tomasz Grzybowski; Marta Wrzosek; Włodzimierz Wołyniec; Agnieszka Hałoń; Ewa Chmielik; Marta Gorzkiewicz; Marcin Woźniak; Agnieszka Mikucka; Arleta Lebioda; Anna Jonkisz; Małgorzata Małodo...; Beata Bartnik; Tadeusz Dobosz

One of the central dogmas Catholic Church is belief in Eucharistic presence Jesus Christ, which requires no scientific confirmation because it concerns a supernatural reality. Since early Middle Ages, however, instances have been recorded improperly referred to as miracles, believers consider eyewitness testimony real transubstantiation. Changes structure, number, or an unexpected bloody red colour Host were often regarded phenomena, but officials themselves, aware possibility biological basis for these changes, showed far-reaching restraint. The author's team on analyses 25 actual cases undertook prepare research procedures that make possible separate phenomena are difficult interpret scientifically, from those associated with contamination. None revealed proof existence human blood, material other than single epidermal cells, and erythrocytes (probably very low-level contamination). In one case, insignificant amount male genetic was observed, probably result DNA transferred person host via contact itself. several specimens, variety microbial fungal identified (Brevundimonas intermedia, Serratia marcescens, Epicoccum spp,. Fusarium spp.), including species producing reddish-pink orange-reddish pigments (Epicoccum spp., spp.). Based experience gained this study, complete procedure suitable reliable examination similar future suggested. KEY POINTS: • unusual appearance tested hosts can be explained by Blood-like marks pigment-producing species. A multidisciplinary investigating 'miracle cases' proposed.