Real-world outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and pembrolizumab with platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective comparative study

• DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03583-4
• Publication Date: 2024-01-04T11:01:56Z
• Authors: Kinnosuke Matsumoto; Takayuki Shiroyama; Motohiro Tamiya; Toshiyuki Minami; Yuhei Kinehara; Akihiro Tamiya; Yasuhiko Suga; Tomoki Kuge; Masahide Mori; Hidekazu Suzuki; Satoshi Tobita; Kiyonobu Ueno; Yoshinobu Namba; Satoshi Tetsumoto; Toshie Niki; Osamu Morimura; Akio Osa; Kazumi Nishino; Izumi Nagatomo; Yoshito Takeda; Takashi Kijima; Atsushi Kumanogoh
• Keywords: 03 medical and health sciences; Nivolumab; 0302 clinical medicine; Propensity score; Real-world; Non-small-cell Lung cancer; Research; 610; Ipilimumab; Pembrolizumab

Abstract Introduction Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (NICT) and pembrolizumab (PCT) are commonly used in patients advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Compared immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, ICI combination therapy can increase immune-related toxicity instead of prolonging survival. This study aimed to compare the efficacy safety NICT PCT decide on favorable treatment. Methods We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort who underwent or between December 2018 May 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed variables age, sex, smoking status, performance stage, histology, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The Kaplan–Meier method survival for matched patients. Results Six hundred consecutive were included. After PSM, 81 162 enrolled groups, respectively. baseline characteristics well-balanced. median progression-free equivalent (11.6 vs. 7.4 months; P = 0.582); however, overall (OS) significantly longer group than (26.0 16.8 0.005). Furthermore, OS better PD-L1-negative those 0.045). Safety profiles did not differ terms severe adverse event treatment-related rates ( 0.560, 0.722, respectively). Conclusions Real-world data suggests that could be treatment option compared NSCLC. Further follow-up is needed determine long-term prognostic benefit.