T-cell subsets and cytokines are indicative of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy responses in NSCLC

• DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03687-5
• Publication Date: 2024-04-15T05:01:55Z
• Authors: Ling Yi; Ziwei Xu; Tianyu Ma; Chong Wang; Panjian Wei; Bo Xiao; Hongtao Zhang; Nanying Che; Zhidong Liu; Yi Han
• Keywords: Chemoimmunotherapy; Neoadjuvant Therapy

Abstract Purpose Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy is a promising treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the immunological mechanisms contributing to tumor regression and biomarkers corresponding different pathological responses remain unclear. Methods Using dynamic paired blood samples from NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, we analyzed frequencies of CD8 + T-cell Treg subsets their changes during through flow cytometry. Cytokine profiles function-related gene expression T cells Tregs were cytometry mRNA-seq. Infiltrating in resected tissues multiplex immunofluorescence. Results Forty-two chemoimmunotherapy enrolled then underwent surgical resection evaluation. Nineteen had pCR (45%), 7 MPR (17%), 16 non-MPR (38%). In pCR, CD137 ( P = 0.0475), Ki-67 0.0261) 0.0317) significantly those non-pCR before treatment. usually low cells, Tregs, AUCs higher than that tissue PD-L1 expression. markedly improved proliferation activation, especially patients, as 0.0136) 0.0391) increased. The levels cytokines such IL-2 CXCL10 0.0195) also increased group, which consistent high density activated cytotoxic at site < 0.0001). Conclusion drives toward proliferative active profile. baseline might predict response patients. increase reflect chemotaxis enrichment better chemoimmunotherapy.