Infant/toddler motor skills as predictors of cognition and language in children with and without positional skull deformation

• DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3986-4
• Publication Date: 2018-10-30T13:07:23Z
• Authors: Brent R. Collett; Erin R. Wallace; Deborah Kartin; Matthew L. Speltz
• Keywords: Male; Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic; Skull; 05 social sciences; Infant; Neuroimaging; Language Development; Craniosynostoses; 03 medical and health sciences; Child Development; Cognition; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; 0302 clinical medicine; Socioeconomic Factors; Motor Skills; Predictive Value of Tests; Child, Preschool; Humans; Female; 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences

To estimate associations between early motor abilities (at two age points, 7 and 18 months on average) and cognitive/language outcomes at age 3. To determine whether these associations are similar for children with and without positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB).The Bayley Scales of Infant/Toddler Development 3 were given at all age points to 235 children with PPB and 167 without PPB. Linear regressions assessed longitudinal associations between fine and gross motor scales and cognition/language. Item analyses examined the contributions of specific motor skills.Associations between 7-month motor skills and cognition/language were modest overall (effect sizes [ES] = - 0.08 to 0.10, p = .13 to .95). At 18 months, both fine and gross motor skills were associated with outcomes for children with PPB (ES = 0.21 to 0.41, p < .001 to .01), but among those without PPB, only fine motor skills were associated with outcomes (ES = 0.21 to 0.27, p < .001 to .001).Toddlers' motor skills were associated with cognition and language at 3 years, particularly among children with PPB. Interventions targeting early motor development in infants and toddlers with PPB may have downstream benefits for other outcomes.