Patient-derived organoids and orthotopic xenografts of primary and recurrent gliomas represent relevant patient avatars for precision oncology

• DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02226-7
• Publication Date: 2020-10-03T14:03:04Z
• Authors: Anna Golebiewska; Ann-Christin Hau; Anaïs Oudin; Daniel Stieber; Yahaya A. Yabo; Virginie Baus; Vanessa Barthelemy; Eliane Klein; Sébastien Bougnaud; Olivier Keunen; May Wantz; Alessandro Michel...; Virginie Neirinckx; Arnaud Muller; Tony Kaoma; Petr V. Nazarov; Francisco Azuaje; Alfonso De Falco; Ben Flies; Lorraine Richart; Suresh Poovathingal; Thais Arns; Kamil Grzyb; Andreas Mock; Christel Herold-M...; Anne Steino; Dennis Brown; Patrick May; Hrvoje Miletic; Tathiane M. Malta; Houtan Noushmehr; Yong-Jun Kwon; Winnie Jahn; Barbara Klink; Georgette Tanner; Lucy F. Stead; Michel Mittelbronn; Alexander Skupin; Frank Hertel; Rolf Bjerkvig; Simone P. Niclou
• Keywords: Original Paper; 0303 health sciences; Brain Neoplasms; 610; Glioma; Rats; 3. Good health; Organoids; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; 616; Temozolomide; Animals; Heterografts; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Precision Medicine; Glioblastoma

AbstractPatient-based cancer models are essential tools for studying tumor biology and for the assessment of drug responses in a translational context. We report the establishment a large cohort of unique organoids and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) of various glioma subtypes, including gliomas with mutations inIDH1, and paired longitudinal PDOX from primary and recurrent tumors of the same patient. We show that glioma PDOXs enable long-term propagation of patient tumors and represent clinically relevant patient avatars that retain histopathological, genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic features of parental tumors. We find no evidence of mouse-specific clonal evolution in glioma PDOXs. Our cohort captures individual molecular genotypes for precision medicine including mutations inIDH1,ATRX,TP53,MDM2/4, amplification ofEGFR,PDGFRA,MET,CDK4/6,MDM2/4, and deletion ofCDKN2A/B,PTCH, andPTEN. Matched longitudinal PDOX recapitulate the limited genetic evolution of gliomas observed in patients following treatment. At the histological level, we observe increased vascularization in the rat host as compared to mice. PDOX-derived standardized glioma organoids are amenable to high-throughput drug screens that can be validated in mice. We show clinically relevant responses to temozolomide (TMZ) and to targeted treatments, such as EGFR and CDK4/6 inhibitors in (epi)genetically defined subgroups, according toMGMTpromoter andEGFR/CDKstatus, respectively. Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083), a promising bifunctional alkylating agent in the current clinical trial, displayed high therapeutic efficacy, and was able to overcome TMZ resistance in glioblastoma. Our work underscores the clinical relevance of glioma organoids and PDOX models for translational research and personalized treatment studies and represents a unique publicly available resource for precision oncology.