Validity and reliability of the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS) tool

• DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08313-1
• Publication Date: 2023-12-06T11:02:12Z
• Authors: Jerome R. Lechien; Auriane Blouin; Robin Baudouin; Laura Bousard; Alexandra Rodriguez; Marie Verhasselt; Gaetan Cavelier; Grégoire Vialatte...; Marta P. Circiu; Lise Crevier-Buchman; Stephane Hans; Jan Vanderwegen; Didier Dequanter
• Keywords: Otolaryngology; Videofluoroscopy; Radiograph; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Head neck; Tool; 610; Surgery; Dysphagia; Swallowing

To validate the Group for Learning Useful and Performant Swallowing (GLUPS), a clinical tool dedicated to videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS).Forty-five individuals were recruited from January 2022 to March 2023 from the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of University Hospital Saint-Pierre (Brussels, Belgium). Subjects underwent VFSS, which was rated with GLUPS tool by two blinded otolaryngologists and one speech-therapist. VFSS were rated twice with GLUPS within a 7-day period to assess test-retest reliability.Twenty-four patients and twenty-one controls completed the evaluations. The internal consistency (α = 0.745) and the test-retest reliability (rs = 0.941; p = 0.001) were adequate. GLUPS reported a high external validity regarding the significant correlation with the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (rs = 0.551; p = 0.001). Internal validity was adequate, because GLUPS score was significant higher in patients compared to controls (6.21 ± 4.42 versus 2.09 ± 2.00; p = 0.001). Interrater reliability did not report significant differences in the GLUPS sub- and total score among the independent judges. The mean GLUPS score of individuals without any evidence of VFSS abnormalities was 2.09/23 (95% CI 1.23-2.95), which supported that a GLUPS score ≥ 3.0 is suggestive of pathological VFSS.GLUPS is a clinical instrument documenting the abnormal findings of oral and pharyngeal phases at the VFSS. GLUPS demonstrated high reliability and excellent criterion-based validity. GLUPS may be used in clinical practice for the swallowing evaluation at the VFSS.