Assessing the accuracy of the third molar eruption as an indicator of adulthood: findings from a black South African sample using the Gambier method

• DOI: 10.1007/s00414-025-03505-2
• Publication Date: 2025-05-19T02:32:37Z
• Authors: Nikolaos Angelako...; Shatakshi Sharma; Sudheer Babu Balla; Galina Zolotenkova; Stefano De Luca
• Keywords: Forensic dentistry; Forensic odontology

Abstract Background Age estimation is a critical aspect of forensic practice, often requiring straightforward, accurate, and precise dental methods employed by experts in various contexts where their expertise needed. The third molar eruption analysis presents practical approach. This study evaluates the Gambier et al. scoring system for assessing legal adulthood (18 years) through observations black South African subadults. Materials A retrospective was conducted on 877 orthopantomograms (357 males 520 females) individuals aged 14 to 24 years. Results mean chronological age increased with progression stages (1 3) phases (A D) both sexes. Our revealed strong association between advanced likelihood being 18 years or older. For instance, phase D (complete emergence occlusal plane) showed high older, 76% (32 out 42) 80.5% females (66 82) this above 18. Conclusion technique, due its ease use, can provide useful preliminary information regarding probable alleged minor asylum seekers. However, results indicate that, line minimum principle, method should be applied cautiously when determining adulthood, as stage 3 clearly below Therefore, it always used alongside other validated recommended international protocols good practice guidelines ensure reliability across different populations.