A new algorithm for primary frequency control with cooling appliances

• DOI: 10.1007/s00450-014-0289-1
• Publication Date: 2014-12-02T09:06:59Z
• Authors: Theodor Borsche; Uros Markovic; Göran Andersson
• Keywords: Primary (astronomy)

Primary frequency control, also known as primary frequency response or droop, is one of the essential ancillary services guaranteeing stable operation of any power system. Provision of primary and secondary frequency control reserves creates high costs to the system operator. Demand Response, that is an automatic contribution by flexible loads, may provide some of the reserves needed for grid operation at lower cost than traditional power plants. An improved algorithm for primary frequency control provision with refrigerators is described. This algorithm (1) prevents synchronization of participating loads, and (2) guarantees continuous frequency support. A simulation based on a dynamic two-area system resembling the central European grid shows the performance of the algorithm, compliance with refrigerator temperature limits and improvements in power system frequency response after a contingency.