Complete neurologic and cognitive recovery after plasmapheresis in a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

• DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-0972-2
• Publication Date: 2016-02-26T09:47:36Z
• Authors: Ursula Vogl; Gerda Leitner; Assunta Dal-Bianco; Marija Bojic; Margit Mitterbauer; Werner Rabitsch; Peter Kalhs; Axel Schulenburg
• Keywords: Plasmapheresis; Hypoesthesia

Neurologic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rare but poorly understood. We present a case report of 57-year-old-male patient who was diagnosed in 2009 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). He received two standard induction chemotherapies, as well following consolidation. Six months later, an HSCT performed. Shortly the developed progressive polyneuropathy lower legs and hypoesthesia. Five later severe dementia followed. All images brain spine showed no specific pathologies. High dose corticosteroids immunoglobulins did not improve neurologic symptoms. Due to worsening neuropsychiatric status clinical presentation, chronic inflammatory demyelinating (CIDP) suspected. Therefore, ten cycles plasmapheresis. The significant improvement symptoms cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS: Immune mediated neuropathies HSCT, such CIDP, have great variability presentation challenging diagnose treat. Plasmapheresis is safe efficient treatment for patients unclear persisting autoimmune neuropathy HSCT.