Is the ECOG-PS similar to the sarcopenia status for predicting mortality in older adults with cancer? A prospective cohort study

• DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07845-w
• Publication Date: 2023-06-02T14:02:04Z
• Authors: Iasmin Matias Sousa; Ana Paula Trussar...
• Keywords: Male; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; 610; mortality; 3. Good health; Cohort Studies; nutritional assessment; Neoplasms; 616; performance status; cancer; Humans; Female; Prospective Studies; Aged

Sarcopenia is a muscle dysfunction that increases negative outcomes in patients with cancer. However, its diagnosis remains uncommon in clinical practice. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) is a questionnaire to assess the functional status, but it is unknown if is comparable with sarcopenia. We aimed at comparing ECOG-PS with sarcopenia to predict 12-month mortality in patients with cancer.Cohort study including older adult patients with cancer in treatment (any stage of the disease or treatment) at a reference hospital for oncological care. Socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data, muscle mass, and physical function variables (handgrip strength [HGS] and gait speed [GS]) were collected. Skeletal muscle quantity and quality were assessed by computed tomography at the L3. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the EWGSP2. ECOG-PS and all-cause mortality were evaluated. The Cox proportional hazards model was calculated.We evaluated 159 patients (69 years old, 55% males). Low performance (ECOG-PS ≥ 2) was found in 23.3%, 35.8% presented sarcopenia, and 22.0% severe sarcopenia. ECOG-PS ≥ 2 was not an independent predictor of mortality. Sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, and probable sarcopenia has increased by 3.25 (confidence interval, CI 95% 1.55-6.80), 2.64 (CI 95% 1.23-5.67), and 2.81 (CI 95% 1.30-6.07) times the risk of mortality, respectively.Sarcopenia, but not ECOG-PS, was a predictor of mortality. Therefore, ECOG-PS was not similar to sarcopenia to predict mortality in patients with cancer.