Assessment of the potency and effectiveness of a heptavalent oil-adjuvanted (ISA 206) foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in Egypt

• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05624-2
• Publication Date: 2023-01-12T10:03:15Z
• Authors: Abdel-Hamid Bazid; Haitham M. Amer; Mohamed Nayel; Mohamed Attia; Nada Maklad; Momtaz Wasfy; Mohamed Abdelmegeid; Magdy M. El-Sayed; Asmaa Magouz; Yassien Badr
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Immunology; Cattle Diseases; Dynamics of Livestock Disease Transmission and Control; Antibodies, Viral; Biochemistry; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Serotype; 03 medical and health sciences; Adjuvants, Immunologic; In vitro; Virology; Health Sciences; Animals; Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Myocarditis; Foot-and-mouth disease; Biology; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Inactivated vaccine; Antibody; 2. Zero hunger; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Brief Report; FOS: Clinical medicine; Vaccination; Life Sciences; Viral Vaccines; Outbreak; Potency; Neutralizing antibody; Bluetongue Virus and Culicoides-Borne Diseases in Europe; 3. Good health; Virus; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Seroconversion; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Medicine; Cattle; Egypt; Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine; Titer; Agronomy and Crop Science

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious highly contagious viral disease affecting all cloven-hoofed animals, and outbreaks can have a severe economic impact. An inactivated heptavalent oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccine (Aphtovac-7, MEVAC) was prepared from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains A-Iran05, A-Africa-IV, O-PanAsia2, O-Manisa, O-EA3, SAT-2 Gharbia, and SAT-2 LIB-12. The vaccine potency and effectiveness were evaluated in three groups of 6- to 8-month-old calves and 200 adult dairy cattle under field conditions. All animals were vaccinated with the vaccine preparation, and the three groups of calves were challenged after 28 days by intradermolingual inoculation with 104 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of FMDV serotype A, O, or SAT-2. Mock-vaccinated calves (two per group) served as unvaccinated controls during the challenge test. Adult dairy cattle were tested for seroconversion using a virus neutralization test at 30, 60, and 120 days post-vaccination. All calves displayed complete protection against challenge with the different serotypes of FMDV when compared to the control groups. Serum samples collected after the primary and booster immunizations at 30 days post-vaccination contained high titers of protective antibodies (≥ 1/32; i.e. 1.5 log10). Antibodies persisted until the end of the study period (120 days), with a peak value around 60 days post-vaccination. The heptavalent FMD vaccine preparation was found to be potent and capable of providing a protective immune response under both experimental and field conditions.