Morphological, anatomical, and bioactive properties of Hypericum scabrum L.: effects on diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and HDFa fibroblasts and U87-MG cancer cells

• DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02037-1
• Publication Date: 2025-01-31T00:37:47Z
• Authors: Sena Öner; Abdulrahim Kadı; Enes Tekman; Ayşe Cemre Kararenk; Elif Beyza Özer; Kübra Nalkıran Ergin; Hafize Yuca; Mehmet Enes Arslan; Resul Duman; Aydan Acar Şahin; Nur Münevver Pinar; Alptuğ Atila; Gülnur Ekşi Bona; Songül Karakaya
• Keywords: Butyrylcholinesterase

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are multifactorial diseases with significant health consequences, their relationship aging makes them particularly challenging. Epidemiological data suggests that individuals DM more susceptible to certain cancers. This study examined the bioactive properties of Hypericum scabrum extracts, including methanol, hexane, others, focusing on inhibitory effects key enzymes associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α -amylase, -glucosidase. Additionally, impact these extracts human fibroblast (HDFa) glioblastoma (U87MG) cells was evaluated. The methanol extract analyzed for elemental composition using ICP-MS, secondary metabolites, amino acids via LC–MS/MS underwent morphological anatomical characterization. demonstrated notable activity, an IC 50 value < 1 µg/mL against -glucosidase, surpassing acarbose in efficacy. flower essential oil exhibited highest inhibition (79.95%) butyrylcholinesterase strongest acetylcholinesterase (21.62%). Elemental analysis revealed high concentrations Na K, while quinic acid proline were identified major reaching 494.0482 nmol/mL aerial part extract. anticancer assays higher cytotoxicity U87MG compared HDFa fibroblasts, suggesting potential applications therapy. plant grows 20–50 cm tall, yellow flowers ovoid-ribbed capsules containing brown, reniform seeds. Its leaves amphistomatic ornamented, stems feature striate cuticles paracytic stomata. pollen grains microreticulate syncolporate apertures. These results underscore promising therapeutic H. managing DM, cancer, its ability inhibit show selective cells. Graphical abstract