Long-term evaluation of oral gavage with periodontopathogens or ligature induction of experimental periodontal disease in mice

• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1607-0
• Publication Date: 2015-09-28T02:20:10Z
• Authors: Rafael Scaf de Molon; Vinicius Ibiapina...; Erica Dorigatti d...; Livia Sertori Finoti; Gustavo Boze Toffoli; Denise Madalena P...; Raquel Mantuaneli...; Sotirios Tetradis; Joni Augusto Cirelli
• Keywords: Inflammation; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Alveolar Bone Loss; 630; 3. Good health; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Random Allocation; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Animals; Female; Host-parasite interaction; Periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Ligation; Porphyromonas gingivalis

To evaluate in long-term periods the destruction of periodontal tissues and bacterial colonization induced by oral gavage with periodontopathogens or ligature experimental periodontal disease models.Forty-eight C57BL/6 J mice were divided into four groups: group C: negative control; group L: ligature; group G-Pg: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis; and group G-PgFn: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Mice were infected by oral gavage five times in 2-day intervals. After 45 and 60 days, animals were sacrificed and the immune-inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue was assessed by stereometric analysis. The alveolar bone loss was evaluated by live microcomputed tomography and histometric analysis. qPCR was used to confirm the bacterial colonization in all the groups. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and ANOVA tests, at 5 % of significance level.Ligature model induced inflammation and bone resorption characterized by increased number of inflammatory cells and decreased number of fibroblasts, followed by advanced alveolar bone loss at 45 and 60 days (p < 0.05). Bacterial colonization in groups G-Pg and G-PgFn was confirmed by qPCR but inflammation and bone resorption were not observed (p < 0.05).The ligature model but not the oral gavage models were effective to induce inflammation and bone loss in long-term periods. Pg colonization was observed in all models of experimental periodontal disease induction, independent of tissue alterations. These mice models of periodontitis validates, compliments, and enhances published PD models that utilize ligature or oral gavage and supports the importance of a successful colonization of a susceptible host, a bacterial invasion into vulnerable tissue, and host-bacterial interactions that lead to tissue destruction.The ligature model was an effective approach to induce inflammation and bone loss similar to human periodontitis, but the oral gavage models were not efficient in inducing periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction in the conditions studied. Ligature models can provide a basis for future interventional studies that contribute to the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the complex host response to microbial challenge.