Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations in adult dystonia: a joint document by the Italian Society of Neurology, the Italian Academy for the Study of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, and the Italian Network on Botulinum Toxin

Adult Botulinum Toxins Blepharospasm; Botulinum toxin; Cervical dystonia; Dystonia; Rehabilitation; Upper limb dystonia; Blepharospasm Rehabilitation Cervical dystonia 610 Parkinson Disease Upper limb dystonia 3. Good health Dystonia 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Neurology Botulinum toxin Dystonic Disorders 616 Humans Blepharospasm; Botulinum toxin; Cervical dystonia; Dystonia; Rehabilitation; Upper limb dystonia
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06424-x Publication Date: 2022-10-03T06:02:31Z
ABSTRACT
The diagnostic framework and the therapeutic management of patients with adult dystonia can represent a challenge for clinical neurologists. The objective of the present paper is to delineate diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for dystonia provided by a panel of Italian experts afferent to the Italian Society of Neurology, the Italian Academy for the Study of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, and the Italian Network on Botulinum Toxin. We first discuss the clinical approach and the instrumental assessment useful for diagnostic purpose. Then, we analyze the pharmacological, surgical, and rehabilitative therapeutic options for adult dystonia. Finally, we propose a hospital-territory network model for adult dystonia management.
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