Genome sequencing of Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), a dominant species in various habitats in the Hawaiian Islands with remarkable phenotypic variations

• DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0822-3
• Publication Date: 2016-04-06T10:14:39Z
• Authors: Ayako Izuno; Masaomi Hatakeyama; Tomoaki Nishiyama; Ichiro Tamaki; Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi; Ryuta Sasaki; Kentaro K. Shimizu; Yuji Isagi
• Keywords: Islands; 0301 basic medicine; 0303 health sciences; Genome Hawaii Heterozygosity Metrosideros PSMC Wild plants; Myrtaceae; 10071 Functional Genomics Center Zurich; Sequence Analysis, DNA; 15. Life on land; Flow Cytometry; Hawaii; UFSP13-7 Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems; 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; 03 medical and health sciences; Phenotype; Genome Size; Species Specificity; 1110 Plant Science; 570 Life sciences; biology; 590 Animals (Zoology); Ecosystem; Genome, Plant

Whole genome sequences, which can be provided even for non-model organisms owing to high-throughput sequencers, are valuable in enhancing the understanding of adaptive evolution. Metrosideros polymorpha, a tree species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, occupies a wide range of ecological habitats and shows remarkable polymorphism in phenotypes among/within populations. The biological functions of genetic variations observed within this species could provide significant insights into the adaptive radiation found in a single species. Here de novo assembled genome sequences of M. polymorpha are presented to reveal basic genomic parameters about this species and to develop our knowledge of ecological divergences. The assembly yielded 304-Mbp genome sequences, half of which were covered by 19 scaffolds with >5 Mbp, and contained 30 K protein-coding genes. Demographic history inferred from the genome-wide heterozygosity indicated that this species experienced a dramatic rise and fall in the effective population size, possibly owing to past geographic or climatic changes in the Hawaiian Islands. This M. polymorpha genome assembly represents a high-quality genome resource useful for future functional analyses of both intra- and interspecies genetic variations or comparative genomics.