Ancient genetic bottleneck and Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes imprinted the phylobiogeography of European Black Pine populations

• DOI: 10.1007/s10342-017-1069-9
• Publication Date: 2017-08-24T12:46:05Z
• Authors: Krassimir D. Nayd...; Michel K. Naydenov; Alexander Alexandrov; Kole Vasilevski; Georgi Hinkov; Vlado Matevski; Biljana Nikolic; Venceslas Goudiaby; Dave Riegert; Despina Paitaridou; Andreas Christou; Irina Goia; Christopher Carca...; Adrian Escudero A...; Cengiz Ture; Suleyman Gulcu; Veselka Gyuleva; Srdjan Bojovic; Lorenzo Peruzzi; Salim Kamary; Anatoly Tsarev; Faruk Bogunic
• Keywords: Plio-Pleistocene; Population bottleneck

The historical changes in European Black Pine population size across the whole natural distribution Europe and Asia Minor were analyzed facing Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Thirteen chloroplast SSRs SNPs markers have been studied under assumptions of "neutral evolution." Populations meta-populations had different histories migration routes, they strongly affected by complex patterns isolation, fragmentation, speciation, expansion (1.88–4.28 Ma), purification selection (2.09–21.41 Ma) bottleneck (1.85–21.76 Ma). A significant number populations (min. 29–41%) equilibrium for very long periods. Generally, revealed DNA is weaker than nuclear DNA. N e immediately after reaches between 1820 3640 individuals. effective sizes shrink significantly Tertiary period from 10–15 up to 2.5 Ma Western (by 82%), followed (69%) Balkan Peninsula (28%), likely resulting important changes. rates frequencies stepwise westwards waves not sufficient prevent isolation suppress "sympatric speciation." was weak Pliocene, but maximal Pleistocene, finally silent present interglacial period, namely Holocene.