Evaluation of biofloc system effects on water quality, growth, innate immunity, physiological status, and immune- and growth-related gene expressions in early growth stages of thin-lipped mullet (Liza ramada)

• DOI: 10.1007/s10499-024-01696-w
• Publication Date: 2024-11-19T06:13:25Z
• Authors: Fatma M. Zaki; Mohamed M. Said; M. A. Amer; Riad H. Khalil; Hagar Sedeek Digh...
• Keywords: Mullet

Abstract A 90-day experiment was carried out to study the influence of biofloc system on water quality, growth, feed utilization, survivability, bacteria in fish gut, and physiological immunological responses thin-lipped mullet ( Liza ramada ). Two treatments, clear (CW) (BFS), were each designed triplicates. Both treatments stocked with (mean weight 1.18 ± 0.02 g). BFS group showed highest final body weight, gain, average daily specific growth rate, lowest conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio survivability. The proximate analysis samples that percent crude lipid 26.17 7.75% respectively presence essential minerals required for growth. total chemical composition demonstrated improved fat compared CW. bacterial count Bacillus number recorded intestine kept under BFS. Protease, lipase, amylase levels significantly increased antioxidant activity observed treatment, while cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity. Significantly high protein, albumin, globulin, phagocytic activity, lysozymes, respiratory burst immunoglobulin M raised intestinal histomorphometry examination a villi length width, crypt depth, intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells group. resulted up-regulation immune genes liver (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10) growth-related (IGF-1 GH) CW treatment. These results revealed applying rearing many advantages including improvement, enhanced digestive enzymes, system, response, gut health, decreased stress enzymes.