Analysis of photospheric magnetic fields in AR 12546: a case study

• DOI: 10.1007/s10509-023-04220-3
• Publication Date: 2023-08-02T14:02:50Z
• Authors: Ali G. A. Abdelkawy; Abdelrazek M. K. ...
• Keywords: Photosphere; Sunspot; Solar telescope

Abstract We investigate high-resolution observations with the spectropolarimeter (SP) aboard Hinode satellite of Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) a positive polarity sunspot an active region (AR) (NOAA 12546). present case study for properties thermal, magnetic field, and plasma flows as function optical depth from inversion observed Stokes profiles, covering wide field view area. Particular attention is paid to examination net circular polarization (NCP) area asymmetry spectral lines in sunspots. detect large red-shifted velocity 10 km sec −1 localized presence strong corresponding NCP best fit inverted profiles. In addition, comparison between calculated NCPs or V asymmetries fitted well most pixels region, significant indication single-component inversion. vertical gradients temperature, strength, inclination LOS deeper higher layers photosphere. The difference penumbral temperature two atmospheric −130 K. regions reveal gradient $\Delta B \sim -0.5$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:math> −0.9 G . limb-side penumbra $(\Delta \gamma /\Delta z) = -9 \times 10^{-3}$ <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> deg $-3.5 10^{-2}$ <mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> particular, we find disk center-side z)= 0.2 - 1.5 \deg \text{ km}^{-1}$ <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>deg</mml:mo> <mml:mtext> km</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> V_{LOS}/\Delta \log \tau )= -0.13$ <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>log</mml:mo> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0.13</mml:mn> −0.30 penumbra, given by 0.11$ <mml:mn>0.11</mml:mn> 0.29