Using biophysical modelling and marine connectivity to assess the risk of natural dispersal of non-indigenous species to comply with the Ballast Water Management Convention

• DOI: 10.1007/s10530-024-03327-0
• Publication Date: 2024-05-09T19:02:01Z
• Authors: Flemming Thorbjør...; Ane Pastor; Asbjørn Christensen; Frank Stuer-Lauri...
• Keywords: Ballast; Marine species

Abstract The introduction of Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) poses a significant threat to global marine biodiversity and ecosystems. To mitigate this risk, the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) was adopted by UN International Maritime Organisation (IMO), setting strict criteria for discharges ballast water. However, BWMC permits exemptions shipping routes operating within geographical area, known as Same-Risk-Area (SRA). An SRA can be established in areas where risk assessment (RA) conclude that spread NIS via water is low relative predicted natural dispersal. Despite BWMC's requirement RAs based on modelling dispersal NIS, no standard procedures have been established. This paper presents methodology utilizing biophysical connectivity analyses conduct RA delineation. Focusing Kattegat Øresund connecting North Sea Baltic Sea, we examine two candidates spanning Danish Swedish waters. We provide an example how including summary, addressing findings, challenges, prospects. Our study aims advance development adoption consistent, transparent, scientifically robust assessments effective management.