Effect of Hochuekkito on Alveolar Macrophage Inflammatory Responses in Hyperglycemic Mice
Inflammation
Lipopolysaccharides
Male
0301 basic medicine
Mice, Inbred BALB C
0303 health sciences
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Immunology
Peptidoglycan
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Article
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
3. Good health
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Mice
Toll-Like Receptor 5
03 medical and health sciences
Hyperglycemia
Macrophages, Alveolar
Immunology and Allergy
Animals
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Flagellin
DOI:
10.1007/s10753-012-9441-x
Publication Date:
2012-02-25T01:50:47Z
AUTHORS (7)
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus reduces immunological activity and increases susceptibility to various infections. Hochuekkito (TJ-41) has been reported to improve the weakened physical condition of various chronic diseases. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; groups A and B were fed a standard diet, and group C, a TJ-41 diet. Two weeks after starting these diets, hyperglycemia was induced in groups B and C by injection with streptozotocin. Two weeks later, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (TLR2: peptidoglycan, PGN; TLR4: lipopolysaccharide, LPS; TLR5: flagellin, FLG) were used to stimulate alveolar macrophages (AMs), and TNF-α production was measured. Under hyperglycemic conditions and PGN or FLG stimulation, TNF-α production from AMs was significantly reduced in group B compared with group A. However, treatment with TJ-41 (group C) significantly improved the impaired production of TNF-α. These results suggest that, under hyperglycemic conditions, TJ-41 can improve the inflammatory responses of AMs with stimulation of TLR ligands.
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