Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
0301 basic medicine
03 medical and health sciences
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Fatty Acids, Omega-6
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
Humans
Original Article
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
3. Good health
DOI:
10.1007/s10875-021-01146-9
Publication Date:
2021-10-25T14:34:04Z
AUTHORS (10)
ABSTRACT
Abstract
Purpose
Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities are found in various inflammatory disorders and have been related to disturbed gut microbiota. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition. We hypothesized that there is an altered FA profile in CVID patients, related to gut microbial dysbiosis.
Methods
Plasma FAs were measured in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls. Gut microbial profile, a food frequency questionnaire, and the effect of the oral antibiotic rifaximin were investigated in CVID patients.
Results
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.4 [1.0–1.8] vs. 1.9 [1.2–2.5], median (IQR), P < 0.05), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (3.2 [2.4–3.9] vs. 3.5 [2.9–4.3], P < 0.05), all values expressed as weight percent of total plasma FAs, were reduced in CVID compared to controls. Also, n-6 PUFAs (34.3 ± 3.4 vs. 37.1 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P < 0.001) and linoleic acid (LA) (24.5 ± 3.3 vs. 28.1 ± 2.7, P < 0.0001) and the FA anti-inflammatory index (98.9 [82.1–119.4] vs. 117.0 [88.7–153.1], median (IQR), P < 0.05) were reduced in CVID. The microbial alpha diversity was positively associated with plasma n-6 PUFAs (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and LA (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not n-3 PUFAs (P = 0.78). Moreover, a 2-week course of rifaximin significantly reduced the proportion of n-6 PUFAs (P = 0.04, UNIANOVA). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels correlated with plasma n-3 PUFAs (rho = 0.36, P = 0.03) and DHA (rho = 0.41, P = 0.009).
Conclusion
We found a potentially unfavorable FA profile in CVID, related to low IgG levels. High plasma n-6 PUFAs were related to increased gut microbial diversity and altered by rifaximin therapy.
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